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Stability of Studtite in Saline Solution: Identification of Uranyl- Peroxo-Halo Complex
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7099-2103
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry, Organic chemistry.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7552-1076
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry, Applied Physical Chemistry.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0663-0751
2022 (English)In: Inorganic Chemistry, ISSN 0020-1669, E-ISSN 1520-510X, Vol. 61, no 22, p. 8455-8466Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Hydrogen peroxide is produced upon radiolysis of water and has been shown to be the main oxidant driving oxidative dissolution of UO2-based nuclear fuel under geological repository conditions. While the overall mechanism and speciation are well known for granitic groundwaters, considerably less is known for saline waters of relevance in rock salt or during emergency cooling of reactors using seawater. In this work, the ternary uranyl-peroxo-chioro and uranyl-peroxo-bromo complexes were identified using IR, Raman, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Based on Raman spectra, the estimated stability constants for the identified uranyl-peroxo-chloro ((UO2)(O-2)(Cl)(H2O)(2)(-)) and uranyl-peroxo-bromo ((UO2)(O-2)(Br)(H2O)(2)(-)) complexes are 0.17 and 0.04, respectively, at ionic strength approximate to 45 mol/ L. It was found that the uranyl-peroxo-chloro complex is more stable than the uranyi-peroxo- bromo complex, which transforms into studtite at high uranyl and H2O2 concentrations. Studtitc is also found to be dissolved at a high ionic strength, implying that this may not be a stable solid phase under very saline conditions. The uranyl-peroxo-bromo complex was shown to facilitate H2O2 decomposition via a mechanism involving reactive intermediates.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
American Chemical Society (ACS) , 2022. Vol. 61, no 22, p. 8455-8466
National Category
Chemical Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-315146DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00233ISI: 000809419100008PubMedID: 35608075Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85131701498OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-315146DiVA, id: diva2:1679728
Note

QC 20220701

Available from: 2022-07-01 Created: 2022-07-01 Last updated: 2023-09-04Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Stability of UO2 in systems containing radiolytic oxidants: The role of uranyl peroxide species
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Stability of UO2 in systems containing radiolytic oxidants: The role of uranyl peroxide species
2023 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Nuclear power constitutes a major pillar on the global energy market, and it will most probably increase in importance as fossil fuels are gradually phased out. The main problem connected to nuclear power is the generation of highly radiotoxic spent nuclear fuel (95% UO2 and 5% radioactive fission products and heavier actinides). Many countries plan to place the spent nuclear fuel in geological repositories where the hazardous material will be protected by engineered and natural barriers for periods exceeding 100 000 years. Given the extremely long time periods, groundwater intrusion is a potential scenario that must be considered in safety assessments of geological repositories. In this thesis, the stability of UO2in either solutions containing HCO3- or saline waters under exposure to radiolytic oxidants has been studied. In addition, the stability of uranyl peroxide minerals, which are common secondary phases on UO2 surfaces, in either solutions containing HCO3- or saline waters has been studied. The solution chemistry was also investigated in the two systems mentioned above with the focus on uranyl speciation. It was shown that oxidants such as O2, H2O2, and other radiolytic oxidants can oxidize UO2 to UO2.33 in either HCO3- solution or saline solutions. The hyper stoichiometric UO2 surface was not expected to form in HCO3- solution, since UO2was expected to oxidize to U(VI) which is highly soluble in HCO3- solution. XPS results illustrate that the oxidized surface was dominated by U(V) and no U(VI) was observed. The accumulation of U(V) on the surface resulted in the decrease ofUO2 reactivity towards oxidants. The dissolved U(VI), in the form of UO22+, is a good electron acceptor in solution, which will interact with the anions in aqueous solutions forming highly soluble complexes. In addition to complexes, UO22+ can also interact with H2O2 and precipitate uranyl peroxides, i.e., studtite UO2O2.4H2O and meta-studtite UO2O2.2H2O. We have found that studtite formation in solutions containing UO22+ and H2O2 was affected by anion concentrations (other than O22-), pH, and ionic strength. Formation of (meta)-studtite was observed on the surface of UO2 after exposure to γ-radiation in pure water. The stability of studtite in pure water and in aqueous solutions containing either 1-10 mM HCO3- or 1-5 M salts was studied. It was found that studtite dissolved to UO22+ and H2O2 at [HCO3-] ≥ 5 mM, and exposure to γ-radiation can accelerate the dissolution. While there was no measurable UO22+ at [HCO3-] ≤ 2 mM. Several 2 uranyl-(peroxo)-carbonanto complexes was characterized by 13C NMR during studtite and meta-studtite dissolution in 10 mM HCO3- solution. Ternary uranylperoxo-halo complexes were identified in saline solutions containing UO22+ and H2O2 using vibrational spectroscopies and 17O NMR. Interestingly, H2O2 was found to be catalytically decomposed in solutions containing UO22+ and either HCO3-/CO32- or Br-.

Abstract [sv]

Kärnkraften utgör en viktig del av den globala energimarknaden och kommer sannolikt att öka i betydelse i takt med att fossila bränslen gradvis fasas ut. Huvudproblemet kopplat till kärnkraft är genereringen av mycket radiotoxiskt utbränt kärnbränsle (95 % UO2). Många länder planerar att placera det utbrända kärnbränslet i geologiska förvar där det farliga materialet kommer att isoleras med hjälp av tekniska och naturliga barriärer under perioder som överstiger 100 000 år. Med tanke på de extremt långa tidsperioderna är grundvattenintrång ett potentiellt scenario som måste beaktas i säkerhetsanalyser av geologiska förvar. I denna avhandling har stabiliteten av UO2 i antingen lösningar innehållande HCO3- eller saltvatten under exponering för radiolytiska oxidanter studerats. Dessutom har stabiliteten hos uranylperoxider, som är vanliga sekundära faser på UO2-ytan, studerats i lösningar innehållande HCO3- eller salt (NaCl/NaBr). Lösningskemin undersöktes även i de ovannämnda systemen med fokus på uranylspeciering. Det visades att oxidanter som O2, H2O2 och andra radiolytiska oxidanter kan oxidera UO2 till UO2.33 i antingen bikarbonatlösning eller saltlösning. Den UO2.33-ytan förväntades inte bildas i HCO3- lösning, eftersom UO2 förväntades oxidera till U(VI) som är mycket lösligt i HCO3- lösning. XPS-resultat visar att den oxiderade ytan dominerades av U(V) utan att observera U(VI). Ansamlingen av U(V) på ytan resulterade i en minskning av UO2-reaktiviteten mot oxidanter. Lösta U(VI), i form av UO22+, är en bra elektronacceptor i lösning, som kommer att interagera med anjonerna i vattenlösningar och bilda mycket lösliga komplex. Förutom komplex kan UO22+ också interagera med H2O2 och fälla ut uranylperoxider, dvs studtite UO2O2.4H2O och meta-studtit UO2O2.2H2O. Vi har funnit att studtitbildning i lösningar innehållande UO22+ och H2O2 påverkades av anjonkoncentrationer (andra än O22-), pH och jonstyrka. Bildandet av (meta)-studtite observerades på ytan av UO2 efter exponering för γ-strålning i rent vatten.Stabiliteten av studtit i rent vatten och i vattenlösningar innehållande antingen 1-10 mM HCO3- eller 1-5 M salter studerades. Det visade sig att studtit löstes till UO22+ och H2O2 vid [HCO3-] ≥ 5 mM, och exponering för γ-strålning kan påskynda upplösningen. Inga mätbara UO22+-halter uppmättcs vid [HCO3-] ≤ 2 mM. Flera uranyl-(peroxo)-karbonanto-komplex karakteriserades av 13C NMR under studtitoch meta-studtit-upplösning i 10 mM HCO3- lösning. Ternära uranyl-peroxo-halokomplex identifierades i saltlösningar innehållande UO22+ och H2O2 med hjälp av vibrationsspektroskopier och 17O NMR. Intressant nog visade sig H2O2 brytas ned 4 katalytiskt i lösningar innehållande UO22+ och antingen HCO3-/CO32- eller Br-.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2023. p. 73
Series
TRITA-CBH-FOU ; 2023:37
Keywords
UO2, studtite, XPS, radiolysis, UO2, studtit, XPS, radiolys
National Category
Inorganic Chemistry
Research subject
Chemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-335232 (URN)978-91-8040-671-0 (ISBN)
Public defence
2023-09-29, F3, Lindstedtsvägen 26 & 28, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
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Supervisors
Note

QC 2023-09-04

Available from: 2023-09-04 Created: 2023-09-04 Last updated: 2023-09-11Bibliographically approved

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Li, JunyiSzabo, ZoltanJonsson, Mats

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