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Fast, streamlined fluorescence nanoscopy resolves rearrangements of SNARE and cargo proteins in platelets co-incubated with cancer cells
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8315-8166
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
Karolinska Inst, Dept Oncol Pathol, Karolinska Univ Hosp, K7,Z1 00, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden..
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2022 (English)In: Journal of Nanobiotechnology, E-ISSN 1477-3155, Vol. 20, no 1, article id 292Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Background Increasing evidence suggests that platelets play a central role in cancer progression, with altered storage and selective release from platelets of specific tumor-promoting proteins as a major mechanism. Fluorescence-based super-resolution microscopy (SRM) can resolve nanoscale spatial distribution patterns of such proteins, and how they are altered in platelets upon different activations. Analysing such alterations by SRM thus represents a promising, minimally invasive strategy for platelet-based diagnosis and monitoring of cancer progression. However, broader applicability beyond specialized research labs will require objective, more automated imaging procedures. Moreover, for statistically significant analyses many SRM platelet images are needed, of several different platelet proteins. Such proteins, showing alterations in their distributions upon cancer progression additionally need to be identified. Results A fast, streamlined and objective procedure for SRM platelet image acquisition, analysis and classification was developed to overcome these limitations. By stimulated emission depletion SRM we imaged nanoscale patterns of six different platelet proteins; four different SNAREs (soluble N-ethylmaleimide factor attachment protein receptors) mediating protein secretion by membrane fusion of storage granules, and two angiogenesis regulating proteins, representing cargo proteins within these granules coupled to tumor progression. By a streamlined procedure, we recorded about 100 SRM images of platelets, for each of these six proteins, and for five different categories of platelets; incubated with cancer cells (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, EFO-21), non-cancer cells (MCF-10A), or no cells at all. From these images, structural similarity and protein cluster parameters were determined, and probability functions of these parameters were generated for the different platelet categories. By comparing these probability functions between the categories, we could identify nanoscale alterations in the protein distributions, allowing us to classify the platelets into their correct categories, if they were co-incubated with cancer cells, non-cancer cells, or no cells at all. Conclusions The fast, streamlined and objective acquisition and analysis procedure established in this work confirms the role of SNAREs and angiogenesis-regulating proteins in platelet-mediated cancer progression, provides additional fundamental knowledge on the interplay between tumor cells and platelets, and represent an important step towards using tumor-platelet interactions and redistribution of nanoscale protein patterns in platelets as a basis for cancer diagnostics.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Nature , 2022. Vol. 20, no 1, article id 292
Keywords [en]
STED, Super-resolution microscopy, Platelet, Cancer, Tumorigenesis, SNARE protein, Dictionary learning
National Category
Medical Biotechnology (with a focus on Cell Biology (including Stem Cell Biology), Molecular Biology, Microbiology, Biochemistry or Biopharmacy)
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-315455DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01502-wISI: 000814284100001PubMedID: 35729633Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85132300215OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-315455DiVA, id: diva2:1681719
Note

QC 20230328

Available from: 2022-07-07 Created: 2022-07-07 Last updated: 2024-05-17Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Super-resolution microscopy – photophysical implications and applications
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Super-resolution microscopy – photophysical implications and applications
2024 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Unparalleled specificity and high sensitivity have made fluorescence microscopy an indispensable tool for life sciences. Both these aspects come from the use of light-emitting fluorophores, labeled to molecules and structures of interest. The diffraction-limited, maximum achievable resolution of traditional microscopes roughly corresponds to half the wavelength of the light used for observation. In the last decades, however, super-resolution microscopy (SRM) has been developed, which provide spatial information far beyond this diffraction limit. While different SRM techniques use different principles to achieve super resolution, most of these techniques rely on selectively switching the fluorophore emission on and off, within a diffraction-limited volume. Upon excitation, fluorophores can undergo transitions into transient dark states or become permanently photobleached. While reversible transitions may be used to achieve super resolution, they also reduce the overall emission. Characterization and modeling of photophysical dark state transitions are thus important, since they can both provide a basis for, as well as negatively affect the performance of SRM. Nevertheless, SRM has already proven valuable in biological and biomedical research, where the enhanced resolution allows for improved understanding of basic molecular mechanisms in cells and opens for future diagnostic opportunities.

This thesis presents two applications of SRM. In paper I, we used STED (stimulated emission depletion) SRM to image the disruption of beta-actin filaments in neurons infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae, suggesting a possible mechanism for neuronal death in bacterial meningitis. In paper II, the nanoscale distribution patterns of six different platelet proteins were imaged with STED to find activation-specific protein rearrangements upon co-incubation of the platelets with cancer cells. Streamlined image acquisition, analysis and classification methods were also developed, opening prospects for SRM-based minimally invasive cancer diagnosis.

Photophysical transitions of fluorophores and their implications on SRM were also studied. Cumulative photobleaching in volumetric STED imaging and how it can affect the recorded STED images was studied experimentally and verified by simulations in paper III. The effects of fluorophore transitions into transient dark states in super-resolution MINFLUX (minimal photon fluxes) were studied in paper IV. In this work, photophysical rate parameters of photo-switchable near-infrared (NIR) cyanine dyes were measured using TRAST (transient state) spectroscopy. Time evolutions of their photophysical transitions during MINFLUX localizations were then simulated, showing that fluorophore blinking can be a source of localization errors. However, from the acquired knowledge of the transient states and how they influence the localization in MINFLUX experiments, it was possible to adapt sample and excitation conditions and demonstrate MINFLUX imaging in the NIR. Thereby, it was shown that more weakly emitting and blinking NIR fluorophores can still be used in MINFLUX.

Abstract [sv]

Oöverträffad specificitet och hög känslighet har gjort fluorescensmikroskopi till ett oumbärligt verktyg inom livsvetenskaperna. Dessa egenskaper härrör från användandet av ljusemitterande fluoroforer, inmärkta till de molekyler och strukturer man vill studera. Den diffraktionsbegränsade, maximalt uppnåeliga upplösningen hos traditionella mikroskop motsvarar grovt sett hälften av våglängden hos det ljus som används för observation. Under de senaste decennierna har emellertid superupplösningsmikroskopi (SRM) utvecklats, vilket möjliggjort att spatiell information kan erhållas långt bortom denna diffraktionsbegränsning. Även om olika SRM-tekniker använder olika principer för att uppnå superupplösning, förlitar sig de flesta av dem på att selektivt kunna slå på och av fluoroforemissionen inom en diffraktionsbegränsad volym. Vid excitation kan fluoroforer övergå till mörka, transienta tillstånd eller permanent fotoblekas. Även om reversibla övergångar kan användas för att uppnå superupplösning minskar de också den totala emissionen. Karakterisering och modellering av fotofysikaliska övergångar till mörka tillstånd är således mycket viktigt, eftersom de både kan ge en grund för och negativt påverka prestanda hos SRM. SRM har dock redan visat sig vara värdefullt inom biologisk och biomedicinsk forskning, där den förbättrade upplösningen ger en bättre förståelse av grundläggande molekylära mekanismer i celler samt öppnar för framtida diagnostiska möjligheter.

Denna avhandling presenterar två tillämpningar av SRM. I arbete I använde vi STED (stimulated emission depletion) SRM för att avbilda påverkan på beta-aktinfilament i neuroner infekterade med Streptococcus pneumoniae, vilket ledde oss till att föreslå en möjlig mekanism för neuronal död vid bakteriell meningit. I arbete II avbildades de nanoskaliga distributionsmönstren hos sex olika trombocyterproteiner med STED för att hitta aktiveringsspecifika distributionsförändringar hos proteinerna vid samtidig inkubering av trombocyterna med cancerceller. Effektiva metoder för bildgenerering, analys och klassificering utvecklades likaledes, vilket kan öppna förutsättningar för SRM-baserad minimalt invasiv cancerdiagnostik.

Fotofysikaliska övergångar hos fluoroforer och deras inverkan på SRM studerades också. Kumulativ fotoblekning vid volymetrisk STED-avbildning och hur det kan påverka tagna STED-bilder studerades experimentellt och verifierades genom simuleringar i arbete III. Effekten av fluoroforers övergångar till transienta mörka tillstånd i superupplöst MINFLUX (minimal photon fluxes) studerades i arbete IV. I detta arbete mättes fotofysikaliska reaktionshastigheter hos cyaninfärgämnen i det nära-infraröda (NIR) våglängdsområdet med hjälp av TRAST (transient state) spektroskopi. Hur dessa fotofysikaliska övergångar utvecklades över tid under MINFLUX-lokaliseringar simulerades sedan, vilket visade att de kan ge upphov till lokaliseringsfel. Genom den förvärvade kunskapen om de transienta tillstånden och hur de påverkar lokaliseringen i MINFLUX-experiment var det dock därefter möjligt att anpassa prov- och excitationsförhållandena, och demonstrera MINFLUX-avbildning i NIR området. Detta visar således att svagt emitterande och blinkande NIR-fluoroforer trots allt kan användas i MINFLUX.

 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2024
Series
TRITA-SCI-FOU ; 2024:29
National Category
Other Physics Topics
Research subject
Physics, Biological and Biomedical Physics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-346581 (URN)978-91-8040-943-8 (ISBN)
Public defence
2024-06-14, FB53, Roslagstullsbacken 21, Stockholm, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC-2024-05-20

Available from: 2024-05-20 Created: 2024-05-17 Last updated: 2024-06-10Bibliographically approved

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Bergstrand, JanMiao, XinyanVenugopal Srambickal, ChinmayaWidengren, Jerker

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