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DC-Side Impedance Estimation of a Modular Multilevel Converter Through System Identification of a Partially Black-Boxed Control System
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electric Power and Energy Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1136-581x
Institute for Automation of Complex Power Systems,E.ON Energy Research Center, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5919-2308
Institute for Automation of Complex Power Systems,E.ON Energy Research Center, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0579-2639
Department of Model Development and System Studies, Svenska Kraftnät, 172 24 Sundbyberg, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8891-5659
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2022 (English)In: IEEE transactions on energy conversion, ISSN 0885-8969, E-ISSN 1558-0059, Vol. 37, no 4, p. 2708-2721Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The stability of a power electronics system can be assessed by means of the impedance-based stability criterion. Impedance modeling is a useful tool to analyze the effect of different circuit parameters and control schemes on the behavior of a converter. Modeling the input impedance of a power electronics converter is often successful when having full knowledge of the converter topology, the circuit parameters, and the parameters and implementation of the control system. However, due to the proprietary nature of voltage source converter-based high voltage direct current systems, their exact control structure is often concealed. This complicates the calculation of the impedance of a modular multilevel converter, known for its complex internal dynamics. This paper proposes a method to estimate the impedance of a modular multilevel converter with partially black-boxed converter control. A discussion on partitioning the control system into open and closed parts is made, and the results are verified with simulations in time and frequency domains.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) , 2022. Vol. 37, no 4, p. 2708-2721
Keywords [en]
Modular multilevel converter (MMC), converter control, stability, impedance modeling, frequency-domain analysis, harmonic linearization, system identification, black-box
National Category
Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering Control Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-315783DOI: 10.1109/tec.2022.3175802ISI: 000895454600044Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85130461714OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-315783DiVA, id: diva2:1683862
Funder
Swedish Energy Agency
Note

QC 20230118

Available from: 2022-07-19 Created: 2022-07-19 Last updated: 2024-11-19Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Impedance Analysis and Stability Assessment of Modular Multilevel Converters
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Impedance Analysis and Stability Assessment of Modular Multilevel Converters
2024 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Owing to their scalability, modular design, and high efficiency, modular multilevel converters (MMCs) are considered the state-of-the-art topology in high voltage dc (HVDC) and flexible ac transmission (FACT) systems. Ensuring converter- and system-level stability is crucial to facilitate the large-scale integration of these converters into future power grids. 

Similar to other power electronics systems, the stability of MMC interfaced dc and ac systems can be assessed via the impedance-based stability criterion, which requires detailed representation or measurement of the MMC terminal impedances. The main objective of this thesis is thus, to model the dc- and ac-side impedances of the MMCs taking into account various control system implementations. To this end, the impact of different control schemes and parameters on the converter impedances are thoroughly investigated, resulting in models that serve as tools for analyzing potential undesirable interactions between converter control dynamics and the system to which the converter is connected.

The thesis also focuses on developing impedance models in situations where parts of the control system are concealed for intellectual property protection. By combining frequency-domain system identification and harmonic linearization, these black-boxed control system components are integrated into the impedance model. This approach enables the analysis of the impact of outer-loop control settings on converter stability.

Finally, the thesis assesses the stability of several case studies in which MMCs are interfaced to dc or ac systems. Consequently, active damping solutions are proposed to mitigate harmonic resonances arising from the interaction of the converter and the dc or ac systems. Theoretical analyses are substantiated through time-domain simulations and laboratory experiments.

Key contributions include the development of impedance models under various control schemes and a method for estimating dc-side impedance in MMC systems with black-boxed control. The findings provide insights into impedance shaping, stability challenges, and effective damping strategies in MMC-based systems.

Abstract [sv]

Tack vare av sin skalbarhet, modulära design och höga verkningsgrad anses modulära multinivå-omvandlare (MMC) vara den främsta topologin för högspänd likströmsöverföring (HVDC) och flexibel växelströmstransmission (FACT). Att säkerställa stabilitet på omvandlar- och systemnivå är avgörande för att möjliggöra storskalig integration av dessa omvandlare i framtida elnät.

I likhet med andra kraftelektroniksystem kan stabiliteten hos MMC-anslutna likströms- och växelströmssystem bedömas genom det impedansbaserade stabilitetskriteriet, vilket kräver detaljerad modellering eller mätning av omvandlarnas-terminalimpedanserna. Huvudsyftet med denna avhandling är således att modellera likströms- och växelströmsimpedansen för MMC:erna vid olika implementeringar av styrsystemen. Därför undersöks inverkan av olika styrprinciper och parametrar på omvandlarens impedans, vilket resulterar i modeller som fungerar som verktyg för att analysera potentiella oönskade interaktioner mellan omvandlarens styrdynamik och det system som omvandlaren är ansluten till.

Avhandlingen fokuserar också på att utveckla impedansmodeller för situationer där delar av styrsystemet är dolda, för att skydda immateriella rättigheter. Genom att kombinera systemidentifiering i frekvensplanet och harmonisk linjärisering, integreras dessa dolda styrsystemkomponenter i impedansmodellen. Detta tillvägagångssätt gör det möjligt att analysera effekten av parameterval för yttre, ej dolda, reglerslingor på omvandlarens stabilitet.

Slutligen bedömer avhandlingen stabiliteten i flera fall där MMC:er ansluts till likströms- eller växelströmssystem. Följaktligen föreslås aktiva dämpningslösningar för att mildra övertonsresonanser som uppstår genom växelverkan mellan omvandlaren och likströms- eller växelströmssystemen. Teoretiska analyser underbyggs genom simuleringar i tidplanet och laboratorieexperiment.

Viktiga bidrag utgörs av utvecklingen av impedansmodeller under olika styrprinciper och en metod för att uppskatta likströmssidans impedans i MMC-system med black-box-styrning. Resultaten ger insikter i impedansstyrning, stabilitetsfrågor och effektiva dämpningsstrategier i MMC-baserade system.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2024. p. ix, 65
Series
TRITA-EECS-AVL ; 2024:88
Keywords
Converter control, converter-driven stability, frequency-domain analysis, harmonic linearization, impedance/admittance modeling, modular multilevel converter (MMC), partially black-boxed control, Omvandlarstyrning, omvandlardriven stabilitet, frekvensdomänanalys, harmonisk linjärisering, impedans/admittansmodellering, modulär flernivåomvandlare (MMC), styrning med delvis svart låda.
National Category
Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Research subject
Electrical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-356602 (URN)978-91-8106-112-3 (ISBN)
Public defence
2024-12-16, Sal H1, Teknikringen 33, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC 20241120

Available from: 2024-11-20 Created: 2024-11-19 Last updated: 2024-12-03Bibliographically approved

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Nahalparvari, MehrdadAsoodar, MohsenJahn, IlkaBessegato, LucaNorrga, StaffanNee, Hans-Peter

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