kth.sePublications
Change search
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Maximizing Railway Punctuality by Combined Simulation and Timetable Optimization
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Transport planning.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6479-5645
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Transport planning.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1597-6738
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Punctuality of railway traffic is one of the most important quality indicators for passenger traffic. In previous research it has been shown that the timetable has substantial impact on punctuality. Despite this, surprisingly few scientific approaches for explicitly maximizing the punctuality exists in the literature. The only two methods with this purpose, that we are aware of, also seems to be too computationally expensive to be applicable in practice. In this paper, we therefore propose a combined simulation-optimization method for improving the punctuality of a given main line timetable. The intended use case for this method is in tactical timetabling, for improving daily graphs in the annual timetabling process through small adjustments of the time supplements in the timetable. Throughout Europe and the world, this step is commonly done based on ad-hoc simulations or experience only. We evaluated the proposed method in a simulation experiment on the Swedish Western Main Line and compared its impact on punctuality and robustness with five other methods---three state-of-the-art methods and two more basic approaches. The most important result from the simulation experiment was that in terms of total punctuality, the proposed method was better than all other methods, and significantly so except in one case. Scalability was evaluated by solving a scenario with 10 replications of the original timetable within a little more than 2 hours, on average.

Keywords [en]
Timetabling, Train scheduling, Railroad, Robustness.
National Category
Transport Systems and Logistics
Research subject
Transport Science
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-316474OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-316474DiVA, id: diva2:1688413
Funder
Swedish Transport Administration, TRV 2020/72690
Note

QC 20220905

Available from: 2022-08-18 Created: 2022-08-18 Last updated: 2022-11-08Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Improving Timetable Robustness and Punctuality of Railway Traffic: A Combined Simulation-Optimization Approach for Nonperiodic Timetabling on Double-Track Lines
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Improving Timetable Robustness and Punctuality of Railway Traffic: A Combined Simulation-Optimization Approach for Nonperiodic Timetabling on Double-Track Lines
2022 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

To evaluate the robustness of a timetable against minor delays, it can be simulated. A natural question following a simulation is how the results can be used to improve the timetable, which has received limited attention in the literature. This thesis therefore aims to investigate how the combination of simulation and optimization can be used to improve robustness and punctuality of railway timetables, measures that are of great importance. In the thesis, I propose two-step methods based on first simulating a timetable and then optimizing it. I propose models to predict how delays and punctuality change when adjusting the timetable based on the simulation results. In turn, these models are used in the objective function to determine optimal adjustments for a given timetable. This approach is based on exact optimization distinguishing it from previous methods to create robust timetables using combined simulation and optimization.

The proposed methods were evaluated in simulation experiments on the Swedish Southern and Western Main Line, which are two highly utilized lines connecting the Swedish capital Stockholm with Gothenburg and Malmö (second and third largest cities in Sweden). The results indicate that the proposed methods improve punctuality and robustness in simulation at the cost of slightly longer travel times. Compared with two optimization-based methods from the literature and two optimization-based methods based on simple strategies that in principle can be implemented manually, the proposed methods result in either comparable or better robustness and punctuality. Furthermore, the results suggest (1) the methods are effective even if only minor adjustments are allowed; (2) they can be used on problem instances with a large number of trains; and (3) they are robust against under or overestimating the delays in the simulation step.

Abstract [sv]

För att utvärdera hur robust en tidtabell är mot mindre förseningar kan man simulera den. En naturlig frågeställning därefter är hur resultaten kan användas för att förbättra den, vilket bara till viss del har adresserat i litteraturen. Denna avhandling syftar därför till att undersöka hur kombinationen simulering och optimering kan användas för att skapa robusta och punktliga tidtabeller, mått som är av stor betydelse inom järnvägen. I avhandlingen föreslår jag tvåstegsmetoder baserade på att först simulera en tidtabell för att därefter optimera den. Jag föreslår modeller för att, baserat på simuleringsresultatet, prediktera hur förseningar och punktlighet ändras när man justerar en tidtabell. Dessa modeller används i sin tur i målfunktionen för att bestämma de optimala justeringarna av tidtabellen. Denna ansats är baserad på exakt optimering, vilket skiljer den från tidigare metoder för att skapa robusta tidtabeller med hjälp av simulering och optimering.

De föreslagna metoderna har utvärderats i simuleringsexperiment på Södra och Västra stambanan, vilket är två banor med hög kapacitetsanvändning som kopplar samman Stockholm med Göteborg och Malmö. Resultaten tyder på att de föreslagna metoderna förbättrar punktlighet och robusthet i simulering till priset av något längre restider. Jämfört med två optimeringsbaserade metoder och två metoder baserade på enkla strategier som kan implementeras manuellt resulterar de föreslagna metoderna antingen i jämförbar eller bättre robusthet och punktlighet. Resultaten tyder också på att (1) de föreslagna metoderna är effektiva även om endast mindre justeringar tillåts, (2) de kan användas på probleminstanser med många tåg, och (3) de är robusta mot att under- eller överskatta förseningarna i simuleringssteget.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2022. p. 83
Series
TRITA-ABE-DLT ; 2239
Keywords
Timetabling, Train scheduling, Delay prediction, Punctuality, Railroad, Robustness
National Category
Transport Systems and Logistics
Research subject
Transport Science, Transport Systems
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-320765 (URN)978-91-8040-372-6 (ISBN)
Public defence
2022-12-06, Kollegiesalen, Brinellvägen 8, KTH campus, videolänk https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/65537677966?from=addon, Stockholm, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Swedish Transport Administration, 2016/5090Swedish Transport Administration, 2020/72690
Note

QC 202211-14

Available from: 2022-11-14 Created: 2022-11-08 Last updated: 2022-11-14Bibliographically approved

Open Access in DiVA

fulltext(893 kB)209 downloads
File information
File name FULLTEXT03.pdfFile size 893 kBChecksum SHA-512
567b340566ecfecd05ed632c8cffe0619b340de25ad486d1221b07a81b9a5bacbced6d29b8bd8bb91f5fbdcdea4e45b43d430f18402c92b87651c03a5bc484a3
Type fulltextMimetype application/pdf

Authority records

Bohlin, Markus

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Högdahl, JohanBohlin, Markus
By organisation
Transport planning
Transport Systems and Logistics

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar
Total: 218 downloads
The number of downloads is the sum of all downloads of full texts. It may include eg previous versions that are now no longer available

urn-nbn

Altmetric score

urn-nbn
Total: 1098 hits
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf