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Teachers’ challenges and school digitalization: Exploring how teachers learn about technology integration to meet local teaching needs
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Learning, Digital Learning. (Digitalt lärande)ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9444-7513
2022 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Today’s teachers are constantly faced with challenges. Society is changing, which places new demands on the content of education and teachers’ knowledge. Many countries have introduced digital competence to their curricula to prepare students for the digital society. However, integrating technology to fulfill these obligations can be difficult for teachers. The integration can be challenging as teachers must know how to meet the curriculum requirements and the needs of the students in the local context.

This dissertation aims to increase understanding of how technology teachers learn about technology integration to meet their teaching needs based on specific challenges. The aim is investigated with a two-part intervention process based on cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) and qualitative methods. The first part considers how technology teachers want to integrate technologies to satisfy their teaching needs and how these visions change when confronted with students’ visions of technology integration. The second part explores how technology teachers are challenged in their obligation to fulfill the curriculum requirements and the organizational support they need to handle the situation. The intervention then examines how these challenges stimulate the technology teachers’ knowledge of technology integration. Finally, the second part investigates how students’ visions of technology integration stimulate the technology teachers’ knowledge of students’ needs.

The results show that the technology teachers expanded their knowledge as the intervention continued. Teachers were stimulated by the challenges they experienced in teaching and the visions of students. The technology teachers initially wanted the students to use mobile phones for documentation. They also wanted to introduce rules that mobile phones could only be used for school tasks. When the technology teachers got to know the students’ visions, they expanded their knowledge of what mobile phone software they could use, its objective, and necessary rules. The technology teachers also learned how to develop tasks for students, including the use of mobile phone software. However, it remains unclear why the technology teachers wanted to include certain software but not other software. Therefore, it was essential to develop the methodology to understand the phenomenon in the second part.

The second part of the intervention process shows that the participating teachers were challenged by unequal access to digital tools and that they had digital tools that were irrelevant to their teaching objectives. The teachers called for a division of labor in the municipality where the responsibility could be more clearly divided between various positions such as principals and IT staff. The technology teachers later addressed most of these challenges as they learned how to meet the digitalization requirements. With the help of students’ visions, they expanded their knowledge of which digital tools could be used for teaching. The data collection method was developed with a Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to understand which collection of digital tools the technology teachers wanted to use and regulate. The dissertation contributes new perspectives to CHAT interventions by adopting the TAM model.

The knowledge from this research can be helpful for researchers, municipalities, and schools that need to develop teachers’ knowledge based on teachers’ and students’ needs and curriculum requirements. This knowledge can also be used for national development efforts to develop teachers’ knowledge based on local needs. Hopefully, the methodological contribution also can inspire other professional groups to understand how they learn about technology integration.

Abstract [sv]

Dagens lärare utsätts ständigt för nya utmaningar. Samhällsförändringar leder till reviderade utbildningskrav, vilket i sin tur innebär att lärare behöver utveckla sin kunskap för att hänga med i samhällsutvecklingen. På senare tid har flera länder infört utbildningsmål om att elever ska utveckla digital kompetens. Det har dock visat sig komplicerat att leva upp till kraven. För lärare kan det vara utmanande att förstå hur de kan integrera digitala verktyg, som datorer och programvaror, för att nå såväl utbildningsmålen som elevers behov i deras lokala sammanhang.

Syftet med avhandlingen är att öka förståelsen om hur yrkesverksamma tekniklärare kan lära sig att integrera digitala verktyg i undervisningen för att möta deras undervisningsbehov baserat på utmaningar. Undersökningen består av en tvådelad interventionsprocess som undersöks med verksamhetsteori och kvalitativa metoder. Den första delen examinerar hur ett par tekniklärare i grundskolan vill integrera hårdvaror och mjukvaror för att tillfredsställa deras undervisningsbehov. Dessutom prövas hur visionerna förändras när tekniklärarna får ta del av elevers visioner om hur digitala verktyg kan användas. Den andra delen belyser hur tre tekniklärare utmanas i åtagandet att uppfylla läroplanskraven och vilket organisatoriskt stöd de behöver för att hantera situationen. Den delen undersöker sedan hur lärarna lär sig att möta såväl läroplanens digitaliseringskrav som elevers behov.

Resultaten visar hur tekniklärarna under processen expanderar sin kunskap allteftersom interventionsprocessen fortlöper. De stimulerades av deras upplevda utmaningar i undervisningen, och av elevernas visioner. Tekniklärarna ville först att eleverna skulle använda sina mobiltelefoner för att dokumentera erfarenheter. De ville även instifta regler om att mobiltelefoner bara får användas för skoluppgifter. När tekniklärarna fick ta del av elevernas visioner, vidgade de deras förståelse. Detta medförde att tekniklärarna ville använda fler programvaror för mobiltelefonerna men också fler regler. Tekniklärarna vidgade även sitt syfte för hur mobiltelefonerna kunde nyttjas. Dessutom lärde sig tekniklärarna att de, i rollen som lärare, behövde utveckla uppgifter för elevernas mobiltelefonanvändning. Resultaten kunde dock inte förklara varför tekniklärarna ville använda vissa programvaror på mobiltelefonerna framför andra.

Den andra delen av interventionsprocessen åskådliggör hur tekniklärarna utmanats i uppgiften att nå läroplanskraven. Vissa datorer och programvaror som fanns tillgängliga i kommunen upplevdes inte relevanta att använda för skoluppgifterna. Tillgången till hårdvaror upplevdes dessutom ojämlikt fördelad mellan skolor. Lärarna beskrev också att de behövde en tydligare ansvarsfördelning mellan lärare, rektorer och IT-personal för att underlätta användningen av digitala verktyg i undervisningen. Under processen adresserade tekniklärarna de flesta av de upplevda utmaningarna. När lärarna fick ta del av elevernas visioner om vilka digitala verktyg de ville använda och reglera, vidgade det lärarnas kunskap. För att förstå orsaken till vilka digitala verktyg lärarna ville inkludera och reglera för att nå målen utvecklades metodologin med hjälp av en ”Technology Acceptance Model” (TAM).

Kunskapen från avhandlingen kan användas av forskare, kommuner, och skolor för att förstå hur en utmanande situation kan förändras för att möta lokala behov. Kunskapen kan också användas för att utveckla nationella utbildningsinsatser för yrkesverksamma lärare. Förhoppningsvis kan det metodologiska bidraget även inspirera andra professioner till att förstå hur människor formar kunskap om hur digitala verktyg kan integreras.

 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2022. , p. 98
Series
TRITA-ITM-AVL ; 2022:24
National Category
Educational Sciences
Research subject
Technology and Learning
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-316675ISBN: 978-91-8040-316-0 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-316675DiVA, id: diva2:1690709
Public defence
2022-09-29, D37 / https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/67642835582, Lindstedtsvägen 5, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2022-09-06 Created: 2022-08-26 Last updated: 2025-02-18Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Exploring functions and tenable structures for mobile use as support for school tasks
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Exploring functions and tenable structures for mobile use as support for school tasks
2018 (English)In: Mobile and ubiquitous learning: Perspectives on rethinking and reforming education, Springer, 2018Chapter in book (Refereed)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer, 2018
National Category
Educational Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-248768 (URN)
Note

ISBN: 978-981-10-6144-8. QC 20190513

Available from: 2019-04-09 Created: 2019-04-09 Last updated: 2025-02-18Bibliographically approved
2. Exploring teachers’ increased knowledge of the potential of mobile phone use: pilot study reducing the difference between students’ and teachers’ ideas
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Exploring teachers’ increased knowledge of the potential of mobile phone use: pilot study reducing the difference between students’ and teachers’ ideas
2020 (English)In: Education and Information Technologies: Official Journal of the IFIP technical committee on Education, ISSN 1360-2357, E-ISSN 1573-7608, Vol. 25, no 5, p. 3759-3778Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

It has been emphasized that students and teachers have dissimilar ideas about how mobile phone use could be utilized and limited. Moreover, these differences have been identified as a crucial problem that has caused conflicts in education. In order to resolve the problem, research has stressed that it is very important to increase teachers’ knowledge about how mobile phones can be used in students’ work. However, the topic of how teachers could increase their understanding related to students’ ideas has remained largely unexamined. Thus, this pilot study explores the following research questions using cultural-historical activity theory and qualitative methods: How is teachers’ possibility knowledge influenced when they are exposed to students’ ideas about how mobile phones could be both supportive and problematic in school activities? What are the similarities and differences between the students’ ideas that have, and have not, influenced the teachers’ possibility knowledge of mobile phone use? The results show how the teachers’ possibility knowledge increases concerning the features that could be both supportive and problematic and must be limited by rules and a division of labor. Moreover, it transpires that the teachers’ possibility knowledge is not always affected. It appears that the teachers’ understanding is influenced if they can relate the students’ ideas to the teachers’ division of labor. These results could be used by schools to resolve problems caused by the different ideas of students and teachers regarding mobile phone use. The results could also be used when implementing mobile phones in educational research.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Nature, 2020
Keywords
Cultural-historical activity theory, Mobile phone features, Student-centered design, Teachers’ possibility knowledge
National Category
Pedagogy
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-274303 (URN)10.1007/s10639-020-10138-y (DOI)000516958900003 ()2-s2.0-85080909471 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20210511

Available from: 2020-07-01 Created: 2020-07-01 Last updated: 2024-01-10Bibliographically approved
3. Teachers calling for organizational support to digitalize teaching
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Teachers calling for organizational support to digitalize teaching
2020 (English)In: The international journal of information and learning technology, ISSN 2056-4880, E-ISSN 2056-4899, Vol. 37, no 5, p. 323-339Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Purpose The digitalization of society places new demands on education. It is apparent since most countries have introduced curricula requirements to digitalize teaching. This study examines the organizational support teachers need to digitalize teaching. The study is being conducted in Sweden because they have experienced challenges with the introduction of new national digitalization requirements. Thus, this study explores the following research question: What organizational support do Swedish teachers describe they need to meet the curriculum requirements for digitalization? Design/methodology/approach Cultural-historical activity theory and qualitative methods have been used to explore the research aim and answer the question. Findings The results show that teachers need organizational support to gain equal and easy access to digital tools. Moreover, digital tools in an organization must be relevantly related to the requirements. Teachers also need support to increase their knowledge as well as the knowledge of the students. Also, organizations must support teachers by distributing the work of digitalization clearly and reasonably. These results, thus, show that teachers cannot be solely responsible for meeting these curriculum requirements. They need organizational support in the process. Originality/value The study reveals teachers' recurring problems concerning digitalized education and their need for organizational support. Thereby, the knowledge can be used to avoid similar problems, in organizations on different society levels. This contribution is useful for organizations, politicians, school leaders, principals and teachers who are introducing 1:1 and new curriculum requirements for digitalization of education.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Emerald, 2020
Keywords
Curriculum requirements, Digitalization, Double bind, Organization, Teachers' experiences
National Category
Educational Sciences
Research subject
Technology and Learning
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-316670 (URN)10.1108/IJILT-02-2020-0017 (DOI)000552136400001 ()2-s2.0-85087971355 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20220831

Available from: 2022-08-26 Created: 2022-08-26 Last updated: 2022-08-31Bibliographically approved
4. Facing the challenge of technology integration: Exploring how teachers form knowledge using stimuli.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Facing the challenge of technology integration: Exploring how teachers form knowledge using stimuli.
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
National Category
Educational Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-316671 (URN)
Note

QC 20220831

Available from: 2022-08-26 Created: 2022-08-26 Last updated: 2025-02-18Bibliographically approved

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