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Optical Functionalization of Transparent Wood Biocomposites
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8324-485x
2022 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Transparent wood (TW) biocomposites combines load-bearing properties with high transmittance of light. TW consists of a reinforcing wood substrate that has been infiltrated with a polymer matrix. TW can be combined with additives so that new multifunctional materials are obtained. Functional additives are, however, sensitive to aggregation and the wood structure limits particle infiltration. Dispersion and distribution of additives as well as optical properties were controlled by chemical treatment of the wood substrate. The structure and chemistry of the wood substrate was influenced by delignification or bleaching.

With a thiol-ene polymer matrix, wood was tailored to produce TW with high or low optical scattering. It was possible to dope a delignified wood substrate with a high content of a fluorescent dye to produce TW solid-state dye lasers. Optical scattering enhanced the spectral brightness of the lasers and wave-guiding in TW partially directed the emission, producing a quasi-random laser.

Favourable distribution of nanoparticles (NPs) was obtained by two routes: in-situ synthesis and charge-regulated NP diffusion. With in-situ synthesis, mobile precursors infiltrated the substrate. With charge-regulated diffusion, cationic NPs were dispersed by negative charges in the wood substrate. Structurally coloured TW with wavelength-specific polarization was produced by in-situ synthesis of plasmonic NPs (PNPs). Utilization of wood compounds as reagents and stabilizing ligands produced TW with well-dispersed PNPs. Flame-retardant and self-extinguishing TW with preserved optical transmittance was prepared by charge-regulated diffusion of cationic silica NPs.

In conclusion, functionalization of wood substrates promoted controlled dispersion of additives for TW with new functionalities, such as laser performance, fluorescence, fire-retardant properties and structural colours.

Abstract [sv]

Transparent trä (TW) är biokompositmaterial som kombinerar lastbärande egenskaper med hög ljustransmittans. TW består av träsubstrat som impregnerats med en polymermatris. Genom att tillsätta additiv till TW kan nya multifunktionella material framställas. Additivens funktioner begränsas dock ofta av aggregation och strukturen i trä begränsar partikelimpregnering. Med kemisk behandling av träsubstratet kan additivens dispersion och distribuering samt optiska egenskaper justeras i TW. Strukturen och kemin i träsubstraten påverkades med delignifiering eller blekning.

 Med en thiol-ene-polymermatris kunde TW med hög eller låg ljusspridning framställas genom att justera träsubstratets kemi. Delignifierat trä kunde dopas med stora mängder fluorescerande färgämnen så att en TW-baserad laser framställdes. I lasern förstärktes emissionen av ljusspridning. Dessutom riktade vågledning i TW emissionen så att lasern inte var slumpartad.

Nanopartiklar (NP) distribuerades i trä genom in-situ syntes eller laddningsreglerad diffusion. Med in-situ syntes kan trä impregneras med mobila reaktanter. Med laddningsreglerad diffusion kan katjoniska NP dispergeras av negativa laddningar i träsubstratet. TW med strukturell färg och våglängdsspecifik polarisering framställdes med in-situ syntes av plasmoniska NP (PNP). Träkomponenter reducerade, dispergerade och stabiliserade PNP. TW med flamskyddande och självsläckande egenskaper och med bevarad ljustransmittans framställdes med laddningsreglerad diffusion av kajoniska silika NP.

Sammanfattningsvis så har biokomopsiter med nya egenskaper framställts genom att bleka eller delignifiera träsubstrat så att dispersionen av additiv förbättrades i TW. TW med laserförmåga, fluorescens, flamskyddande egenskaper och strukturell färg har framställts.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2022. , p. 60
Series
TRITA-CBH-FOU ; 2022:45
Keywords [en]
transparent wood, biocomposite, optical scattering, interfaces, dye laser, organic dye, plasmonic, nanoparticle
National Category
Materials Chemistry
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-318395ISBN: 978-91-8040-346-7 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-318395DiVA, id: diva2:1697523
Public defence
2022-10-14, F3, Lindstedtsvägen 26, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
EU, Horizon 2020, grant agreement No. 742733, Wood NanoTechKnut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, WWSC
Note

QC 2022-09-21

Skolchef Mikael Lindström, CBH, har godkänt embargo.

Available from: 2022-09-21 Created: 2022-09-21 Last updated: 2023-10-13Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Transparent Wood Biocomposites by Fast UV-Curing for Reduced Light-Scattering through Wood/Thiol-ene Interface Design
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Transparent Wood Biocomposites by Fast UV-Curing for Reduced Light-Scattering through Wood/Thiol-ene Interface Design
2020 (English)In: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, ISSN 1944-8244, E-ISSN 1944-8252, Vol. 12, no 41, p. 46914-46922Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Transparent wood (TW) is an interesting polymer biocomposite with potential for buildings and photonics applications. TW materials need to be eco-friendly and readily processed with few defects, for high optical transmittance and low transmission scattering at wide angles (haze). Two wood templates with different lignin-content are impregnated with a new thiol-ene thermoset system. The more eco-friendly bleached wood template results in transparent wood with high optical transmission and much reduced transmission haze, due to strong reduction of interfacial air gaps. Characterization includes template composition, thiol-ene distribution, and polymerization in wood cell wall by EDX and confocal Raman microscopy, also NMR and DSC, tensile testing and FE-SEM fractography for morphology and wood/thiol-ene interface adhesion assessment. The wood template is a true nanocomposite with thiol-ene polymer located inside the nanoporous wood cell wall. Advanced TW applications require not only appropriate wood template modification and careful polymer matrix selection but also tailoring of the process to impregnation and polymerization mechanisms, in order to reduce optical defects.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
NLM (Medline), 2020
Keywords
cellulose, debonding, haze, optical properties, polymer composite
National Category
Polymer Chemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-288015 (URN)10.1021/acsami.0c12505 (DOI)000582345700123 ()32996762 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85092945884 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20201229

Available from: 2020-12-29 Created: 2020-12-29 Last updated: 2022-09-21Bibliographically approved
2. Improved spectral brightness by tailored optical scattering in dye-doped transparent wood biocomposites for fluorescent and laser applications
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Improved spectral brightness by tailored optical scattering in dye-doped transparent wood biocomposites for fluorescent and laser applications
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
National Category
Materials Chemistry
Research subject
Chemistry; Physics, Optics and Photonics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-318302 (URN)
Funder
EU, Horizon 2020, 742733Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, WWSC
Note

QC 20220921

Available from: 2022-09-20 Created: 2022-09-20 Last updated: 2022-09-21Bibliographically approved
3. Transparent wood biocomposite of increased, well-dispersed dye content for fluorescent and lasing applications
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Transparent wood biocomposite of increased, well-dispersed dye content for fluorescent and lasing applications
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
National Category
Materials Chemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-318325 (URN)
Funder
Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, WWSCEU, Horizon 2020, 742733
Note

QC 20220921

Available from: 2022-09-20 Created: 2022-09-20 Last updated: 2024-03-06Bibliographically approved
4. Facile Processing of Transparent Wood Nanocomposites with Structural Color from Plasmonic Nanoparticles
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Facile Processing of Transparent Wood Nanocomposites with Structural Color from Plasmonic Nanoparticles
Show others...
2021 (English)In: Chemistry of Materials, ISSN 0897-4756, E-ISSN 1520-5002, Vol. 33, no 10, p. 3736-3745Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Wood is an eco-friendly and abundant substrate and a candidate for functionalization by large-scale nanotechnologies. Infiltration of nanoparticles into wood, however, is hampered by the hierarchically structured and interconnected fibers in wood. In this work, delignified wood is impregnated with gold and silver salts, which are reduced in situ to plasmonic nanoparticles via microwave-assisted synthesis. Transparent biocomposites are produced from nanoparticle-containing wood in the form of load-bearing materials with structural color. The coloration stems from nanoparticle surface plasmons, which require low size dispersity and particle separation. Delignified wood functions as a green reducing agent and a reinforcing scaffold to which the nanoparticles attach, predesigning their distribution on the surface of fibrous "tubes". The nanoscale structure is investigated using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and Raman microscopy to determine particle size, particle distribution, and structure-property relationships. Optical properties, including response to polarized light, are of particular interest.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 2021
National Category
Materials Chemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298146 (URN)10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c00806 (DOI)000656971000027 ()34054216 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85106508513 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20210802

Available from: 2021-08-02 Created: 2021-08-02 Last updated: 2022-09-21Bibliographically approved
5. Charge Regulated Diffusion of Silica Nanoparticles into Wood for Flame Retardant Transparent Wood
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Charge Regulated Diffusion of Silica Nanoparticles into Wood for Flame Retardant Transparent Wood
Show others...
2022 (English)In: Advanced Sustainable Systems, ISSN 2366-7486, Vol. 6, no 4, p. 2100354-2100354Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The preparation of wood substrates modified by charged inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) diffusing into the internal cell wall structure is investigated for generating functional properties. The flammability problem of wood biocomposites is addressed. NPs applied from colloidal sols carry charge to stabilize them against aggregation. The influence of charge on particle diffusion and adsorption should play a role for their spatial distribution and localization in the wood substrate biocomposite. It is hypothesized that improved dispersion, infiltration, and stability of NPs into the wood structure can be achieved by charge control diffusion, also restricting NP agglomeration and limiting distribution to the wood cell wall. Cationic and anionic silica NPs of ≈30 nm are therefore allowed to diffuse into bleached wood. The influence of charge on distribution in wood is investigated as a function of initial sol concentration. Transparent wood is fabricated by in situ polymerization of a thiol­ene in the wood pore space. These biocomposites demonstrate excellent flame retardancy with self­extinguishing characteristics. The approach has potential for commercial fabrication of flame retardant transparent composites for glazing and other building applications.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Wiley, 2022
National Category
Materials Chemistry
Research subject
Chemical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-312505 (URN)10.1002/adsu.202100354 (DOI)000747298100001 ()2-s2.0-85123698362 (Scopus ID)
Funder
EU, European Research Council
Note

QC 20220523

Available from: 2022-05-19 Created: 2022-05-19 Last updated: 2022-09-21Bibliographically approved

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Höglund, Martin

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