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Plastic-free chitosan and cellulose binder providing dry and wet strength to paper and nonwoven
OrganClick AB, Linjalvagen 9, SE-18766 Taby, Sweden..
OrganClick AB, Linjalvagen 9, SE-18766 Taby, Sweden..
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology, Polymeric Materials.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4583-723x
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology, Polymeric Materials.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6071-6241
2022 (English)In: Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications, ISSN 2666-8939, Vol. 4, article id 100240Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Chemically-bonded nonwoven is commonly used in single-use products, and are often composed of cellulose fibers with a fossil-based binder. To reduce the amount of plastic littering, we investigated a biobased and biodegradable binder consisting of polyelectrolyte complexes based on chitosan, carboxymethyl cellulose and citric acid. The binder significantly improved the mechanical properties of two different types of cellulosic fiber systems in both dry and wet states. The quality of the water used in the binder had a significant impact on the mechanical properties, especially in the dry state, indicating a beneficial effect by the presence of cations. It was shown that covalent bonds were formed during the low temperature drying, and that the amount of bonds increased with a high temperature curing. Electron microscopy and tensile data indicated that the binder acted as a joint between the fiber/fiber parts. The presented results enable a sustainable solution for the current plastic-based nonwoven industry.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV , 2022. Vol. 4, article id 100240
Keywords [en]
Nonwoven, Binder, Polyelectrolyte complex, Chitosan, Biobased
National Category
Other Chemistry Topics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-319083DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2022.100240ISI: 000852746800002Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85137295419OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-319083DiVA, id: diva2:1698902
Note

QC 20220926

Svagan, Anna J. Alternativt namn =(Anna Hanner)

Available from: 2022-09-26 Created: 2022-09-26 Last updated: 2024-02-01Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Biobased and biodegradable binders for paper and nonwoven
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Biobased and biodegradable binders for paper and nonwoven
2023 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Nonwovens are textile-like materials with similarities close to paper. One significant sector where nonwovens are used is for single-use products such as wet wipes and hygiene products. With an increasing global population, the manufacturing and use of nonwovens have grown significantly. With a higher standard of living worldwide, the demand for nonwoven products is expected to continue its growth in the foreseeable future. Several nonwoven materials are composed of cellulosic fibers and binder.This can be referred to as chemically bonded nonwovens. The binders are typically fossil-based and non-degradable. In this thesis, it is demonstrated that a binder composed of two polyelectrolytes (carboxymethyl cellulose and chitosan) along with citric acid, can serve as an excellent replacement for synthetic binders. Since the polyelectrolytes have opposite charges, they combine to form a polyelectrolyte complex (PEC).The PEC binder can be used both in the wet-end of a papermaking process and for treating already formed webs. Mechanical tests showed that the dry tensile strength increased significantly compared to untreated materials, as did the important wet tensile strength. It was found from Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Dynamic Nuclear Polarization enhanced NMR that newly established ester bonds and amide bonds, along with electrostatic interactions, were the key factors for the enhanced mechanical properties. PEC combined with sunflower oil resulted in fine emulsions that provided higher dry and wet tensile strength. Hydrophobicity in terms of high contact angles (>125°) for treated materials were also attained. Furthermore, combining PEC with two vegetable protein sources, pea protein and wheat gluten, demonstrated how the scope for PEC binders can be broadened. Together with the proteins, cellulosic materials acquired properties such as hydrophobicity and high tensile strength.

Abstract [sv]

Nonwoven är textilliknande material som har likheter med papper. En betydande sektor där nonwovenmaterial används är för engångsprodukter som våtservetter och hygienprodukter. Med en ökande global befolkning har tillverkningen och användningen av nonwoven ökat betydligt. Med den högre levnadsstandarden globalt uppskattas efterfrågan på nonwovenprodukter att fortsätta växa under överskådlig framtid. Flera nonwovenmaterial består av cellulosafibrer och bindemedel. Detta segment kallas kemiskt bunden nonwoven. För närvarande användskommersiellt tillgängliga bindemedel som är baserade på fossila och ickenedbrytbara råvaror. I denna studie visas att ett bindemedel bestående av tvåpolyelektrolyter (karboximetylcellulosa och kitosan) tillsammans med citronsyra, kan fungera som en ersättning för syntetiska bindemedel. Eftersom polyelektrolyterna har motsatta laddningar kombineras de för att bilda ett polyelektrolytkomplex (PEC).PEC-bindemedlet kan användas både i den våta delen av en papperstillverkningsprocess och för att behandla redan formade ark. Med dragprovning konstaterades det att den torra dragstyrkan ökade markant jämfört med obehandlat material, liksom den viktiga våta dragstyrkan. Denna avhandling syftade till att studera och analysera de viktigaste mekanismerna bakom detta beteende och det visade sig från fouriertransform infrarödspektroskopi och NMR förstärkt med dynamisk kärnpolarisering att nyligen etablerade esterbindningar och amidbindningar, tillsammans med elektrostatiska interaktioner, var de avgörande faktorerna. PEC kombinerat med solrosolja, resulterade i en fin emulsion som gav både högre torr och våt dragstyrka. Hydrofobicitet i form av höga kontaktvinklar (> 125°) för behandlat material uppmättes också. Dessutom visade kombinationen av PEC med två vegetabiliska proteinkällor, ärtprotein och vetegluten, hur konceptet med PEC-bindemedel kan utökas ytterligare. Tillsammans med proteinerna fick cellulosamaterialen egenskaper som hydrofobicitet och styrka.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2023. p. 88
Series
TRITA-CBH-FOU ; 2023:45
Keywords
Polyelectrolyte complex, binder, chitosan, carboxymethyl cellulose, citric acid, nonwoven, tensile strength, hydrophobicity, Polyelektrolytkomplex, bindemedel, kitosan, karboximetylcellulosa, citronsyra, nonwoven, dragstyrka, hydrofobicitet
National Category
Polymer Technologies Polymer Chemistry
Research subject
Fibre and Polymer Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-339347 (URN)978-91-8040-707-6 (ISBN)
Public defence
2023-12-14, F3, Lindstedtsvägen 26, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/63240788852, Stockholm, 10:00
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC 20231110

Available from: 2023-11-10 Created: 2023-11-09 Last updated: 2024-02-01Bibliographically approved

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Wennman, MariaSvagan, Anna JustinaHedenqvist, Mikael S.

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