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Life Cycle Assessment of a 3D printer: A comparative and attributional life cycle assessment of 3D printer
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
2022 (English)Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesisAlternative title
Livscykelbedömning av 3D-skrivare (Swedish)
Abstract [en]

Three-dimensional (3D) bio printing offers a wide range of applications, including the placement, design, and patterning of biological components such as living cells, nucleic acids, tissues, and many more. Bioprinting has seen great growth and breakthroughs in recent years, particularly in 3D printing. The company (which do not want to be named) produce a user- friendly and adaptable bioprinter that provides the best bioprinting experience. 

This thesis examines the environmental consequences of a 3D printer, through Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) over its lifetime which is anticipated to be 1 year for the study. To examine the impacts of the 3D printer over its lifetime, a comparative life cycle assessment (Comparative LCA) and attributional life cycle assessment (ALCA) was undertaken between the supply chains known as linear supply chain (LSC) and circular supply chain (CSC). Global warming (GW), terrestrial acidification (TA), freshwater eutrophication (FET), terrestrial ecotoxicity (TEC), freshwater ecotoxicity (FEC), marine ecotoxicity (MEC), land use (LU), and water consumption (WC) are the impact categories chosen for the study from ReCiPe 2016 (H) Midpoint. 

According to the LCA results, the impacts generated by CSC are smaller than those contributed by LSC, and the impact categories that are most and least affected are recognized. Furthermore, from the 3D printer, potential hotspots with higher contributions were discovered. Airway transfer of 3D printer’s components from their manufacturing site to the company had a significant impact on the impact categories chosen. Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) used in 3D printers are another influential component that has a significant impact on the impact categories. When specifically looking, the manufacture of Integrated Circuits (IC) has a greater impact, which reflects on PCB production. 

To identify the opportunities and improve 3D printer’s environmental performance, a sensitivity analysis is carried out, which yields results on how to improve its environmental performance. As a result, it is suggested that airway transportation be modified with seaway transportation, that virgin aluminium and copper materials be replaced with its scrap material 

Abstract [sv]

Tredimensionell (3D) bioprinting erbjuder en mängd olika applikationer, inklusive placering, design och mönster av biologiska komponenter, såsom levande celler, nukleinsyror, vävnader och mer. De senaste åren har bioprinting fått många genombrott och vuxit mycket, framför allt inom 3D-printing. Företaget (som inte vill bli namngivet) producerar en användarvänlig och anpassningsbar bioprinter som ger den bästa bioprinterupplevelsen. 

Detta examensarbete undersöker den miljöpåverkan som en 3D-skrivare har, genom livscykelanalys (LCA) under sin livslängd, som beräknas vara 1 år för denna studie. För att undersöka 3D-skrivarens påverkan under dess livstid har en jämförande livscykelanalys (Comparative LCA) och attributionell livscykelanalys genomförts mellan försörjningskedjorna, som kallas linjär försörjningskedja (LSC) och cirkulär försörjningskedja (CSC). Global uppvärmning (GW), terrestrisk försurning (TA), sötvattenseutrofiering (FET), terrestrisk ekotoxicitet (TEC), sötvattenekotoxicitet (FEC), marin ekotoxicitet (MEC), markanvändning (LU) och vattenförbrukning (WC) är kategorier valda för studier från ReCiPe 2016 (H) Mid Point. Enligt LCA-resultat är miljöpåverkan från CSC mindre än den som LSC bidrar med. Dessutom, med 3D-skrivare, har potentiella hotspots med högre bidrag upptäckts. 

. Luftburen överföring av 3D-skrivarkomponenter från deras tillverkningsplats till företaget hade en inverkan på de berörda kategorierna. Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) som används i 3D-skrivare är en annan påverkande komponent. Mer specifikt har tillverkning av integrerade kretsar (IC) en stor inverkan. 

För att, identifiera utsläpp och möjligheter och förbättra 3D-skrivarens miljöprestanda, genomförs en känslighetsanalys som ger resultat om hur man kan förbättra dess miljöprestanda. Som ett resultat föreslås att flygtransporter ersätts med sjötransporter, att jungfruligt aluminium och kopparmaterial ersätts med dess ersätts material. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2022. , p. 53
Series
TRITA-ABE-MBT ; 22653
Keywords [en]
3D printer, LCA, impact categories
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-319561OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-319561DiVA, id: diva2:1700752
Educational program
Degree of Master - Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Infrastructure
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2022-10-03 Created: 2022-10-03 Last updated: 2022-10-03Bibliographically approved

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