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Development of policies for sustainable tourism: How local context influences the process in Amsterdam and Vienna
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Urban Planning and Environment, Urban and Regional Studies.
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

A great deal of tourism studies has been concerned with how to manage urban tourism development to minimize negative social impact on host communities and to maximize its benefits. This has contributed to research that illustrates the complexity of how tourism influences culture and behavior in destinations. Conversely, much has also been learned about how the material and cultural characteristics of a destination influence tourism. Such contributions have established a rationale for understanding tourism and urban development as mutually constitutive processes. Within a conceptual framework where tourism is seen as a constitutive part of urban development processes, theories of how tourism develops and theories of how planning influences urban development intersect. This is meaningful for research concerned with how tourism can be used more strategically to contribute to wider urban development goals. This paper addresses this area of research through a comparative case study of Vienna and Amsterdam. A contrasting feature between the two cities is how tourism has developed and impacted quality of life for residents. The paper studies how respective context influences the development of policies aimed at producing socially sustainable tourism development. Results suggest that more advanced stages of tourism development constrain the range of policies and practices available to the public planning system. The greater the tolerance is for further tourism development, the less constrained is the policy making process aimed at leveraging tourism for strategic purposes.

Keywords [en]
Social sustainability, sustainable tourism, visitor industry development, urban planning, urban development, policy making, tourism policy, tourism planning
National Category
Social Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-319646OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-319646DiVA, id: diva2:1701118
Note

QC 20221011

Available from: 2022-10-04 Created: 2022-10-04 Last updated: 2022-10-11Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Sustainable tourism development: Social sustainability, planning and strategic development for better cities
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Sustainable tourism development: Social sustainability, planning and strategic development for better cities
2022 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The main goal of this thesis has been to contribute towards improved understanding of how cities can influence tourism development. A great deal of earlier tourism studies has been concerned with aspects of social sustainability. This has naturally concentrated on potential as well as real anomalies and conflicts related to urban tourism. Inherent in many of such contributions is a dichotomy consisting of residents and social sustainability on the one hand, and negative impacts of tourism development (e.g. overtourism) on the other. 

Research and practice have over time gravitated towards an increased focus on how urban tourism development contributes to desired social impact. This has led to new perspectives in both policy contexts and tourism research. Perspectives for how to manage tourism to mitigate negative impact are therefore being complemented by new, more strategic, questions about how tourism can contribute towards urban development goals. 

Such questions, together with evidence that tourism development and urban development are mutually constitutive processes, motivate integrating policies that influence tourism into processes of urban planning. The research in this thesis has sought to contribute towards this emerging space by studying the intersections of tourism development and urban development and planning. The research questions that have emerged from this goal relate to the decision and policy making that take place in processes of urban planning when they intersect (necessarily or potentially) with tourism development. 

The thesis comprises one cover essay and two research articles. The first article is based on a single case-study of a new urban development in one of the most visited places of Stockholm. The other article is a comparative case-study of Vienna and Amsterdam that studies policy development and practices for sustainable tourism developments. Data was collected primarily through semi-structured interviews with stakeholders from municipalities, academia and Destination Management Organizations in respective city. 

Results suggest that there are important variations in how different stages of tourism development and corresponding impact influence policy making and vice-versa. The cases studied suggest that strategic choices for sustainable tourism development are available up to a certain point. If negative impact on factors related to social sustainability are excessive, policy making aimed at influencing tourism development becomes constrained mainly to mitigating impact. 

Given the intersection of planning theory and tourism studies in this thesis, it can be considered a cross-disciplinary research project. Similarly, the results can hopefully contribute to a development of the understanding of how planning theory and tourism studies intersect in theories of both schools of thought. 

Abstract [sv]

Det övergripande målet för denna avhandling har varit att bidra till en bättre förståelse förhur städer kan påverka turismens utveckling. Mer bestämt, hur städer kan påverka turismenför att uppnå bättre social hållbarhet, genom att planera för hållbar turism i den offentligaplanprocessen. Ett grundläggande antagande för forskningen som bedrivits för detta projekthar varit att turistutveckling och stadsutveckling är två processer som sker under ömsesidigpåverkan. Utifrån detta antagande har frågorna i avhandlingen sökt utveckla vetande kringde utmaningar och egenheter som kan uppstå om turism analyseras och utvecklas genomden offentliga stadsplaneringsprocessen. Frågor har utformats för att förstå hur politiska,organisatoriska och ideologiska sammanhang påverkar dessa processer.

Mycket av tidigare forskning inom turiststudier har varit bidrag till hur stadsturismensnegativa konsekvenser kan minskas. Detta har bidragit till en dikotomi inom fältet, därboendes välmående och social hållbarhet uppfattas i motsatsförhållande till turismensmöjliga negativa påverkan på städer. Genom att närma sig frågor om hur turism kananvändas mer strategiskt för att gynna stadsutvecklingens mål, avser denna avhandling attbidra till ett alternativt synsätt på hur turism kan och bör utvecklas i städer.

Avhandlingen innehåller en kappa och tre fallstudier. De tre städerna som studerats äreuropeiska huvudstäder och den sociala aspekten av hållbarhet har stått i fokus.Fallstudierna har behandlats i två artiklar; den första artikeln studerar planprocessen för enny detaljplan i Stockholm, och den andra inbegriper en jämförelse av planering ochstadsutveckling med avseende till hållbar turism i Amsterdam och Wien. Information harinhämtats främst genom semi-formella intervjuer med representanter från kommuner,besöksnäringsorganisationer samt sakkunniga och akademiker från respektive stad.

Studiens resultat understryker att viktiga skillnader kan observeras i hur turismensutveckling och motsvarande sociala och politiska sammanhang påverkar utformning avpolicies, och vice versa. Avhandlingen antyder att möjligheten att göra strategiska val för hurturismen bör utvecklas utifrån idéer om social hållbarhet är begränsade efter en viss punkt.När en kritisk mängd faktorer associerade med social hållbarhet påverkas negativt blirpolicies begränsade till ingrepp som avser att vända en sådan utveckling.

Givet kombinationen av teorier från turismstudier med planeringsteori kan dennaavhandling ses som multi-disciplinär. Avhandlingen hoppas därför även attforskningsresultat kan bidra till en utveckling både inom fältet för turismstudier och förplaneringsstudier.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2022. p. 48
Series
TRITA-ABE-DLT ; 2236
Keywords
Sustainable tourism, urban tourism, urban planning, decision-making processes, strategic governance, Hållbar turism, urban turism, stadsplanering, beslutsprocesser, strategisk samhällsplanering
National Category
Social Sciences
Research subject
Planning and Decision Analysis, Urban and Regional Studies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-319581 (URN)978-91-8040-364-1 (ISBN)
Presentation
2022-10-25, U1, 6.11, våning 6, Brinellvägen 26, KTH Campus, videolänk https://kth-se.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_KXpc_CgvRAenVE97sPf9VA, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC 20221006

Available from: 2022-10-06 Created: 2022-10-03 Last updated: 2022-10-20Bibliographically approved

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