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Whole-body SAR measurements of 5G mmW base stations in a reverberation chamber
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS).
2022 (English)Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesisAlternative title
Helkroppsbaserade SAR-mätningar i en modväxlande kammare av 5G-basstationer i millimetervågsområdet (Swedish)
Abstract [en]

This study presents a method for measurement of whole-body average specific absorption rate (WBSAR) of a millimeter wave (mmWave) antenna in a reverberation chamber. The method takes advantage of multiple radiated power measurements to estimate the power absorbed in a phantom placed in front of the antenna. The first set of measurements is a total radiated power estimation of the antenna. The second set measures the radiated power from the combined antenna and phantom system. By taking the difference between the two measurements, the power absorbed in the phantom and hence WBSAR, which is defined as the total power absorbed in a body divided by the whole-body mass, can be estimated. This method builds on previous reverberation chamber techniques and improves them by isolating only the power absorbed from direct illumination corresponding to a realistic exposure environment of mmWave antennas with high directivity. Verification has been performed by comparing measurements of a horn antenna with a simulation. The difference between measurements and simulation has been found to be less than 1 dB, while the maximum measurement uncertainty was estimated to be 1.1 dB. With the developed method, WBSAR measurements of an Ericsson 5G mmWave base station has been conducted. In 2020 the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) published new guidelines for radio frequency electromagnetic fields containing limitations for WBSAR up to 300 GHz. Since these guidelines are new there is currently no standardized measurement method to assess WBSAR in the mmWave frequency ranges. Therefore, the proposed method could be of interest for standardization institutions.

Abstract [sv]

I denna studie presenteras en metod för att i en modväxlande kammare mäta helkroppsbaserad specifik absorptionshastighet (whole-body average specific absorption rate, WBSAR) för en antenn i millimetervågsområdet. Metoden använder mätningar av utstrålad effekt i två situationer, utan och med en helkroppsmodell (fantom). Först mäts den utstrålade effekten från antennen utan fantom, sedan mäts den när fantomen är placerad framför antennen. Differensen mellan de två mätningarna ger den absorberade effekten i fantomen, vilken kan användas för att bestämma WBSAR genom att dela med massan. Metoden bygger på tidigare tekniker för modväxlande kammare och utvecklar dem genom att isolera effekten absorberad från direkt exponering. På så sätt ger metoden realistiska resultat för starkt riktade millimetervågsantenner. Verifikation har utförts genom att jämföra mätningar av en hornantenn med simuleringar vid 28 GHz. Skillnaden mellan de mätta och simulerade värdena var mindre än 1 dB och med en uppskattad maximal mätosäkerhet på 1.1 dB. Med den utvecklade metoden mättes WBSAR för en Ericsson 5G basstation vid frekvensen 28 GHz. År 2020 publicerade ICNIRP nya riktlinjer för exponering för radiofrekventa elektromagnetiska fält som inkluderar begränsningar av WBSAR vid frekvenser upp till 300 GHz. Eftersom dessa riktlinjer är nya finns nuvarande ingen standardiserad metod för att mäta WBSAR i millimetervågsområdet. Metoden kan därför vara av intresse för standardiseringsorganisationer

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2022. , p. 43
Series
TRITA-EECS-EX ; 2022:530
Keywords [en]
Reverberation chamber, Whole body specific absorption rate, 5G, Absorption, Antenna measurements
Keywords [sv]
Modväxlande kammare, Helkroppsbaserad specifik absorptionshastighet, SAR, 5G, Absorption, Antennmätningar
National Category
Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-320845OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-320845DiVA, id: diva2:1707788
External cooperation
Ericsson AB
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2022-11-02 Created: 2022-11-01 Last updated: 2022-11-02Bibliographically approved

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