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Enhancing Public Value in Public Land Development through Co-Creation: The role of municipalities in sustainable districts
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Real Estate Planning and Land Law.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6934-4731
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Real Estate Planning and Land Law.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7886-5926
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Municipalities in Sweden use public land development in sustainability-profiled districts to engage public and private actors in sustainable innovation to create public value. This points to a wider scope of potential and current utility for public land development than previously theorised. The aim of this paper is to investigate municipalities’ use of public land development in sustainability-profiled districts from a public value co-creation perspective, and provide suggestions for enhancing public value. Findings are based on a multiple case study of five sustainability-profiled districts located in different municipalities in Sweden. We illustrate how municipalities co-design public value creation objectives with different public and private actors, which are then translated into criteria for choosing developers to allocate land to and project-specific requirements for housing development. When co-designing public value creation objectives and subsequent requirements, the main role of the municipality is to form arenas where relevant actors can collaboratively find creative solutions to emerging problems, such as value conflicts. Findings align with previous research on public value co-creation in other contexts, demonstrating an appropriate application of the theory and potential for further theoretical development across research fields.

Keywords [en]
Public land development, public value co-creation, sustainable urban development, housing development
National Category
Other Civil Engineering
Research subject
Real Estate and Construction Management
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-321330OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-321330DiVA, id: diva2:1710128
Note

QC 20221114

Available from: 2022-11-11 Created: 2022-11-11 Last updated: 2022-11-14Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Public Land Development for Sustainability-Profiled Districts: A value co-creation perspective
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Public Land Development for Sustainability-Profiled Districts: A value co-creation perspective
2022 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Swedish municipalities are developing sustainability-profiled districts incollaboration with private actors to achieve their public sustainability objectives.These districts are comparable to developments found in many other Europeancountries and the wider world. They are intended to model sustainable urbandevelopment and act as testbeds for collaborative innovation and urbanexperimentation. To initiate and govern the districts, Swedish municipalities areusing public land development, which provides them with more options to influencehousing development and increases their leverage during land use planning. It alsoforms exchange relationships between the municipalities and housing developers.Although previously acknowledged, there is a lack of research investigating thispractice in-depth. In the Swedish context, land ownership has a substantial influenceon the structure of the development process and collaboration betweenmunicipalities and housing developers, which are considered two key actors fordriving sustainable urban development. In sustainability-profiled districtdevelopments, these public and private actors collaborate during the municipal landallocation process, an important part of the public land development process, inorder to develop and implement new sustainable solutions and practices. Thiscollaboration during the land allocation process is investigated in the dissertation.

The purpose of the dissertation is to increase the understanding of municipal landallocation processes in sustainability-profiled district developments by applying acollaborative perspective to public-private exchange. Municipal land allocations insustainability-profiled districts are first analysed and interpreted as public-privatevalue co-creation processes specifically intended to generate sustainable innovation.This is complemented with theories on conflict management, project relationships,and public value capture. The utility of using municipal land allocations for framingpublic-private collaborative innovation is then evaluated using value co-creationtheory. A single and multiple case study approach was employed to investigate indepthmunicipal land allocation processes in sustainability-profiled districts at thedistrict- and building project-level. Focusing on the perspectives of municipalitiesand housing developers, interviews and documents were used to reveal complexprocessual and relational dynamics mired in conflicting value creation objectives.The research is focused on sustainability-profiled district developments in Swedento gain an in-depth understanding of the intricacies and influences of this nationalcontext. The findings are then discussed in relation to public land developmentpractices in other European countries.

The results reveal that the possibilities for municipalities to co-create public valueusing public land development are ultimately determined by housing developers’ ability to implement municipal sustainability requirements and co-create privateproject value. These municipal sustainability requirements are included in landallocation agreements and are negotiable throughout the rest of the land allocationprocess. Thus, the potential for public value creation is determined by the ability ofmunicipalities and developers to co-design sustainability requirements forimplementation during the land allocation process, in order to translate municipalsustainability requirements into developer procurement requirements. Areoccurring theme in the dissertation is that problems are rooted in inter-actor valueconflicts, which are central drivers for value co-creation processes betweenmunicipalities and housing developers.

The dissertation contributes to public land development research by introducing apublic-private value co-creation framework to describe and explain collaborativeexchange and innovation between municipalities and developers. It also provides indepthknowledge of public land development, and more specifically municipal landallocation processes, in sustainability-profiled district developments, which differfrom more typical developments in regards to innovation ambitions. Finally, thedissertation contributes with a micro-level analysis of municipal land allocationprocesses, at the district- and project-level, in the Swedish context. Building on theanalysis and evaluation, recommendations for enhancing private project value andpublic value creation in sustainability-profiled districts are provided. Thedissertation ultimately illustrates how collaboration between public and privateactors aimed at achieving divergent and oftentimes conflicting sustainable urbandevelopment objectives is shaped by the specific planning processes and systemsthey are embedded in.

Abstract [sv]

Svenska kommuner utvecklar hållbarhetsprofilerade stadsdelar för att nå offentligahållbarhetsmål på lokal nivå. Många exempel på liknande typer av distrikt finnsockså i andra europeiska länder. Svenska kommuner använder offentligmarkexploatering för att initiera och leda utvecklingen av dessahållbarhetsprofilerade stadsdelar, som ska exemplifiera hållbar utveckling ochfungera som testbäddar för innovation och urban experimentation. Detta fenomenhar tidigare uppmärksammats, men det finns en brist på forskning som undersökeranvändningen av offentlig mark i dessa typer av distrikt. I svenskt sammanhang harmarkägandet ett betydande inflytande på relationen och samverkan mellankommuner och byggherrar vid markexploatering. I hållbarhetsprofileradestadsdelar samarbetar dessa offentliga och privata aktörer under den kommunalamarkanvisningsprocessen, som är en viktig del av exploateringsprocessen påkommunal mark, för att utveckla och implementera nya hållbara lösningar ochpraxis. Detta samarbete under markanvisningsprocessen utforskas i avhandlingen.

Syftet med avhandlingen är att bidra till forskning på markanvisningsprocesser ihållbarhetsprofilerade stadsdelar med ett samverkansperspektiv på offentligt-privatutbyte. Kommunala markanvisningar i hållbarhetsprofilerade stadsdelar analyserasoch tolkas som värdesamskapande processer. Nyttan av att använda kommunalamarkanvisningar för att forma offentlig-privat samverkan och innovation utvärderassedan med hjälp av teorin om värdesamskapande. Fallstudier används för attundersöka kommunala markanvisningsprocesser i hållbarhetsprofilerade stadsdelarpå distriktsnivån. Intervjuer och dokument används för att undersöka komplexaprocessuella och relationella dynamiker, med särskilt fokus på både kommuners ochbyggherrars perspektiv. Forskningen är inriktad på hållbarhetsprofileradstadsdelsutveckling i Sverige för att få en fördjupad förståelse för just dennanationella kontext. Resultaten diskuteras sedan i relation till offentligmarkutveckling i andra länder.

Resultaten visar på att kommunernas möjligheter att samskapa samhällsvärde medoffentlig markexploatering beror på byggherrarnas förmåga att genomförakommunala hållbarhetskrav. Dessa kommunala hållbarhetskrav ingår imarkanvisningsavtal och är förhandlingsbara under resten avmarkanvisningsprocessen. Potentialen för offentligt värdeskapande beror således påkommunernas och byggherrarnas förmåga att tillsammans designa hållbarhetskravför implementation under markanvisningsprocessen, för att översätta kommunalahållbarhetskrav till byggherrens upphandlingskrav. Ett återkommande tema iavhandlingen är att problem, utmaningar och intressekonflikter bottnar i värdekonflikter mellan aktörer vilka är centrala drivkrafter för värdesamskapandemellan kommuner och byggherrar.

Avhandlingen bidrar till forskning om offentlig markexploatering med ett offentligtprivatvärdesamskapande perspektiv. Den ger också kunskap om offentligmarkexploatering, och mer specifikt kommunala markanvisningsprocesser, ihållbarhetsprofilerade stadsdelar, som skiljer sig från mer typiska bebyggelser.Slutligen bidrar avhandlingen med en distrikts- och projektnivåanalys avkommunala markanvisningsprocesser i den svenska kontexten. Med utgångspunkt ianalysen och utvärderingen ges rekommendationer för att öka privat och offentligtvärdeskapande i hållbarhetsprofilerade stadsdelar, baserade på teorin omvärdesamskapande.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2022. p. 128
Series
TRITA-ABE-DLT ; 2245
Keywords
Public land development; sustainable urban development; value cocreation; public value; municipal landownership; land allocation; sustainability requirements; housing; property developers
National Category
Other Civil Engineering
Research subject
Real Estate and Construction Management
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-321338 (URN)978-91-8040-387-0 (ISBN)
Public defence
2022-12-09, Kollegiesalen, Brinellvägen 8, KTH Campus, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/69286003221, Stockholm, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC 221116

Available from: 2022-11-16 Created: 2022-11-11 Last updated: 2022-11-16Bibliographically approved

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