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Underwater noise emissions from ships during 2014-2020
Finnish Meteorol Inst, Atmospher Composit Res, POB 503, FI-00110 Helsinki, Finland..ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8454-4109
Finnish Meteorol Inst, Atmospher Composit Res, POB 503, FI-00110 Helsinki, Finland..
Swedish Def Res Agcy, Div Def Technol, Underwater Technol, Stockholm, Sweden..
Finnish Meteorol Inst, Atmospher Composit Res, POB 503, FI-00110 Helsinki, Finland..
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2022 (English)In: Environmental Pollution, ISSN 0269-7491, E-ISSN 1873-6424, Vol. 311, article id 119766Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This paper reports trends in the input of underwater noise source energy emission from global shipping, based on bottom-up modeling of individual ships. In terms of energy, we predict the doubling of global shipping noise emissions every 11.5 years, on average, but there are large regional differences. Shipping noise emissions increase rapidly in Arctic areas and the Norwegian Sea. The largest contributors are the containerships, dry bulk and liquid tanker vessels which emit 75% of the underwater shipping noise source energy. The COVID-19 pandemic changed vessel traffic patterns and our modeling indicates a reduction of -6% in global shipping noise source energy in the 63 Hz 1/3 octave band. This reduction was largest in the Greenland Sea, the Coastal Waters of Southeast Alaska and British Columbia as well as the Gulf of California, temporarily disrupting the increasing pre-pandemic noise emission trend. However, in some sea areas, such as the Indian Ocean, Yellow Sea and Eastern China Sea the emitted noise source energy was only slightly reduced. In global scale, COVID-19 pandemic reduced the underwater shipping noise emissions close to 2017 levels, but it is expected that the increasing trend of underwater noise emissions will continue when the global economy recovers.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV , 2022. Vol. 311, article id 119766
Keywords [en]
Shipping, Underwater noise, Noise energy emissions, Noise sources, Source modeling
National Category
Environmental Management
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-322331DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119766ISI: 000861288900003PubMedID: 35964791Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85136504707OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-322331DiVA, id: diva2:1717767
Note

QC 20221209

Available from: 2022-12-09 Created: 2022-12-09 Last updated: 2025-02-10Bibliographically approved

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Sigray, Peter

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