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CRISPR Screen to Identify Genes Regulating Melanoma Cell Invasiveness
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science.
2023 (English)Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
Abstract [sv]

Maligna cancerceller har förmågan att sprida sig okontrollerat i kroppen och metastasera till avlägsna organ. Kritiskt i metastaserings processen är cancercellers förmåga att invadera närliggande vävnader innan de sprider sig vidare ut i kroppen. Att ha en förståelse för mekanismerna som bidrar till cancercellers invasiva egenskaperna kan därför leda till upptäckten av nya läkemedel som kan förhindra metastaser. Den här studien undersökte därför de invasiva egenskaperna hos humana melanomceller in vitro med en CRISPR knockout screen. Först utvärderades tre poolade CRISPR bibliotek, där ett av dem valdes ut till en slutgiltig screen. När gRNA representationen för det utvalda epigentiska knockout biblioteket hade validerats, genererades ett lentiviralt bibliotek för transducering av A375 melanomceller. Förmågan hos melanomcellerna att invadera genom epitelmembran undersöktes sedan med en optimerad invasionassay med Matrigel invasion chambers. Transducerade melanoma celler tillsattes till den övre kammaren och fick migrera genom Matrigelen mot den nedre kammaren som hade en högre koncentration av kemoattraktant. Därefter extraherades celler från den övre och nedre kammaren separat och deras genomiska DNA isolerades. Sekvenseringsbiblioteket genererades med PCR och sekvenserades med Illumina next-generation sekvenserings teknologi. Denna rapport innehåller dock inte sekvenseringsdata från en CRISPR knockout screen. 

Abstract [en]

Malignant cancer cells undergo uncontrolled proliferation and can metastasize to distant organs. A critical step in metastasis is the ability of cancer cells to invade neighboring tissues before they can disseminate to distant organs. Understanding the mechanisms of invasiveness could therefore lead to the discovery of new druggable targets to prevent metastasis. In this project, the invasiveness properties of human melanoma cells were studied in vitro using a CRISPR knockout screen. For this, three pooled CRISPR libraries were evaluated, and then one of them was selected for the screen. When the gRNA representation of the selected epigentic knockout library had been validated, a lentiviral library was generated for transduction of A375 melanoma cells. The invasiveness of the mutated melanoma cells was then examined with an optimized invasion assay using Matrigel invasion chambers. Transduced melanoma cells were seeded into the upper chamber and allowed to migrate through the Matrigel towards the bottom chamber that had a higher concentration of chemoattractant. Cells in the upper and bottom chamber were then separately collected and their genomic DNA was isolated. The sequencing library was produced by PCR amplification and sequenced with Illumina next-generation sequencing technology. The sequencing data from the CRISPR screen is not included in this report.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2023.
Series
TRITA-CBH-GRU ; 2023:013
Keywords [en]
CRISPR-Cas9, gene knockout, viral packaging, transduction, invasionstest
Keywords [sv]
CRISPR-Cas9, genknockout, viruspackning, transduction, invasion assay
National Category
Biochemistry Molecular Biology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-324182OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-324182DiVA, id: diva2:1738587
External cooperation
Karolinska institutet
Subject / course
Biotechnology
Educational program
Master of Science - Medical Biotechnology
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2023-02-22 Created: 2023-02-22 Last updated: 2025-02-20

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CiteExportLink to record
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