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The Synthesis and Development of Potential Small Molecule Splice Modifiers toward a central nervous system (CNS) target for the treatment of a genetic disease
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering.
2023 (English)Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesisAlternative title
Syntes och utveckling av potentiella småmolekylära läkemedelskandidater för behandling av en genetisk sjukdom (Swedish)
Abstract [sv]

Behandling av sällsynta sjukdomar är en stående utmaning inom läkemedelskemi då mer än 400 miljoner människor lider av 7000 olika sällsynta sjukdomar där få godkända läkemedel finns tillgängliga. Fokus för detta arbete är att syntetisera läkemedelskandidater för en sällsynt och livslång form av epilepsi med frekventa och långvariga anfall. Ursprunget till denna sjukdom är att ett felaktigt exon (poison exon) inkorporeras när pre-mRNA översätts till mogna RNA-strängar. Prekliniska data visar att Antisense Oligonucleotides (ASO) kan utgöra en behandling för att motverka denna process och därmed utgöra en sjukdomsmodifierande behandling. Tyvärr är administrationssättet för sådana ASO:er mycket invasivt för patienten och det bakomliggande syftet med detta projekt är att utveckla alternativa småmolekylära läkemedelskandidater som kan administreras oralt och därmed bli mycket bekvämare för patienterna som behandlas för denna sjukdom. Mer specifikt så fokuserar detta arbete på en klass av organiska föreningar, nitropyrazoler, som identifierats som lovande genom en high-throughput screening (HTS) av ett bibliotek med 60 000 potentiella RNA-bindande småmolekyler. Då nitrogruppen anses vara problematisk ur läkemedelssynpunkt så framställdes inom ramen för arbetet ett antal analoger där den problematiska nitrogruppen ersattes med andra substituenter. Dessa föreningar utvärderades i biologiska analyser men visade uppvisade sämre egenskaper och för närvarande har ingen ersättare för nitrogruppen identifierats.

Abstract [en]

The treatment of rare diseases represents a consequent challenge in the topic of pharmaceutical chemistry as more than 400 million people are suffering of 7000 different rare diseases with very few approved treatments available. The disease studied in this work is a rare and lifelong form of epilepsy with frequent and prolonged seizures. The origin of this disease is the inclusion of a poison exon during the splicing of pre-mRNA into mature mRNA strands. At the moment, pre-clinical data for ASOs mediated splice-modulation shows strong signs of disease modifying treatment. Unfortunately, the injection mode of ASOs is intracerebroventricular or intrathecal which is a highly invasive route of administration for the patient. This project aims at developing the first small molecule splice-modifier for the treatment of this disease, which would be orally administrated thus way more comfortable for the patients. One of the leads explored to treat the patients suffering from this disease is the development of small molecule splice-modifiers. Those molecules interfere with the splicing of pre-mRNA, the immature transcripts of DNA, which leads to a modulation of the level of the protein responsible for the disease. In this project, the focus was on one hit class, the nitro pyrazole, arising from the high throughput screening (HTS) of a targeted library of 60,000 potential mRNA-binding small molecules, conducted to determine the ability of these compounds to modulate the pre-mRNA splicing of the gene of interest. The purpose of this work was to find substitutes for the nitro group of this hit class. Several potential splice-modifiers were synthesized replacing the problematic nitro group with other substituents. Biological assays were performed on these potential splice-modifiers to determine their potency toward the transcript of interest. For now, only the component bearing the nitro group has shown some biological activity. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2023.
Series
TRITA-CBH-GRU ; 2023:035
Keywords [en]
organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry, pharmaceutical candidate, small molecule, genetic disease
Keywords [sv]
organisk syntes, läkemedelskemi, läkemedelskandidat, småmolekylär, genetisk sjukdom
National Category
Organic Chemistry
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-324237OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-324237DiVA, id: diva2:1739068
External cooperation
Roche
Subject / course
Chemical Engineering
Educational program
Master of Science in Engineering - Engineering Chemistry
Examiners
Available from: 2023-02-23 Created: 2023-02-23

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