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Filtration of oil-in-water nanoemulsions for potential adjuvant development applications
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering.
2023 (English)Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesisAlternative title
Filtrering av nanoemulsioner av olja i vatten för potentiell utveckling av adjuvans (Swedish)
Abstract [sv]

I den här studien undersöktes innovativa sammansättningar för produktion av vaccinadjuvans. Syftet var att stabilisera nanoemulsioner av olja i vatten, med hjälp av squalenolja (som används inom läkemedelsindustrin), med olika ytaktiva ämnen och att testa filtrerbarheten hos dessa nanoemulsioner. Partiklar runt 160 nm, partikelstorlek inom läkemedelsindustrin, och lägre, var målet. 

Klassiska ytaktiva ämnen, polyoxyetylensorbitanmonooleat (Tween 80) och sorbitantrioleat (Span 85) testades först för att stabilisera emulsionen av squalenolja. Därefter användes två typer av polyvinylalkohol, PVA 4-88 (88 % hydrolys) och PVA 4-98 (98 % hydrolys). För att framställa nanoemulsionerna användes metoder med hög energi och självemulsioner. För att undersöka emulsionernas filtrerbarhet filtrerades produkterna genom cellulosaacetatskivmembran med en avgränsning på 0,2 µm i dödläge och flödeshastigheten följdes gravimetriskt. Den klassiska kombinationen Tween 80 och Span 85 producerade partiklar under filtrets avgränsningsstorlek. Span 85 och Tween 80, var och en i kombination med PVA 4-88, visade att Span 85 och PVA 4-88 inte stabiliserar nanoemulsionerna ordentligt, vilket leder till stora partiklar (över 200 nm). Kombinationen av Tween 80 och PVA 4-88 kunde dock stabilisera mycket små partiklar av squalenolja (under 10 nm), liksom kombinationen PVA 4-88 och PVA 4-98, som framgångsrikt producerade partiklar runt 10 nm. Filtrerbarhetsförsöken visade att en hög halt av squalenolja skulle försämra filtrerbarheten hos emulsioner med Tween 80 och/eller Span 85 och att höga mängder PVA 4-88, i kombination med PVA 4-98, förbättrade emulsionernas filtrerbarhet. Inget problem med hög squalenhalt noterades för kombinationen PVA 4-88/PVA 4-98.

Abstract [en]

In this study, innovative compositions for vaccine adjuvant production were investigated. The purpose was to stabilize oil-in-water nanoemulsion, using squalene oil (employed in the pharmaceutical industry), with different surfactants and test the filterability of these nanoemulsions. Particles around 160 nm, size of the particle in the pharmaceutical industry, and below were aimed. 

Classical surfactants, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80) and sorbitan trioleate (Span 85) were first tested to stabilize the squalene oil emulsion. Then, two grades of polyvinyl alcohol, PVA 4-88 (88% hydrolyse) and PVA 4-98 (98% hydrolyse), were employed. To produce the nanoemulsions, high-energy and self-emulsion methods were performed. To investigate the filterability of the emulsions, the products were filtrated through cellulose acetate disc membranes of 0.2 µm cut-off size in dead-end mode and the flow rate was followed gravimetrically. The classical combination Tween 80 and Span 85 produced particles under the cut-off size of the filter. Span 85 and Tween 80, each combined with PVA 4-88, showed that Span 85 and PVA 4-88 do not stabilise properly the nanoemulsions leading to the obtention of big particles (above 200 nm). However, the combination of Tween 80 and PVA 4-88 was able to stabilise very small particles of squalene oil (under 10 nm) as well as the combination PVA 4-88 and PVA 4-98 which successfully produced particles around 10 nm. The filterability tests showed that high squalene oil content would deteriorate the filterability of the emulsions involving Tween 80 and/or Span 85 and that high amounts of PVA 4-88, when combined with PVA 4-98, improved the filterability of the emulsions. No issue with high squalene amount was noticed for the PVA 4-88/PVA 4-98 combination.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2023.
Series
TRITA-CBH-GRU ; 2023:033
Keywords [en]
Filtration of oil-in-water nanoemulsions for potential adjuvant development applications
Keywords [sv]
Vaccin, adjuvans, nanoemulsion, ytaktiva ämnen, filtrering
National Category
Physical Chemistry
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-324448OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-324448DiVA, id: diva2:1740788
External cooperation
Uppsala universitet
Subject / course
Ceramics
Educational program
Master of Science in Engineering - Engineering Chemistry
Examiners
Available from: 2023-03-02 Created: 2023-03-02

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