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Callisto's Atmosphere: First Evidence for H-2 and Constraints on H2O
KTH. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.;NYU, New York, NY 10012 USA.;New York Univ Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates.;Univ Bern, Bern, Switzerland..
NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA..
NYU, New York, NY 10012 USA.;Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA..
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Space and Plasma Physics.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0554-4691
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2022 (English)In: Journal of Geophysical Research - Planets, ISSN 2169-9097, E-ISSN 2169-9100, Vol. 127, no 11, article id e2022JE007294Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

We explore the parameter space for the contribution to Callisto's H corona observed by the Hubble Space Telescope from sublimated H2O and radiolytically produced H-2 using the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo method. The spatial morphology of this corona produced via photoelectron and magnetospheric electron-impact-induced dissociation is described by tracking the motion of and simulating collisions between the hot H atoms and thermal molecules including a near-surface O-2 component. Our results indicate that sublimated H2O produced from the surface ice, whether assumed to be intimately mixed with or distinctly segregated from the dark nonice or ice-poor regolith, cannot explain the observed structure of the H corona. On the other hand, a global H-2 component can reproduce the observation, and is also capable of producing the enhanced electron densities observed at high altitudes by Galileo's plasma-wave instrument, providing the first evidence of H-2 in Callisto's atmosphere. The range of H-2 surface densities explored, under a variety of conditions, that are consistent with these observations is similar to(0.4-1) x 10(8) cm(-3). The simulated H-2 escape rates and estimated lifetimes suggest that Callisto has a neutral H-2 torus. We also place a rough upper limit on the peak H2O number density (less than or similar to 10(8) cm(-3)), column density (less than or similar to 10(15) cm(-2)), and sublimation flux (less than or similar to 10(12) cm(-2) s(-1)), all of which are 1-2 orders of magnitude less than that assumed in previous models. Finally, we discuss the implications of these results, as well as how they compare to Europa and Ganymede.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
American Geophysical Union (AGU) , 2022. Vol. 127, no 11, article id e2022JE007294
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Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-324648DOI: 10.1029/2022JE007294ISI: 000934026500001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85142867400OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-324648DiVA, id: diva2:1742378
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QC 20230309

Available from: 2023-03-09 Created: 2023-03-09 Last updated: 2023-03-09Bibliographically approved

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Roth, Lorenz

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