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Vehicle-specific noise exposure cost: Noise impact allocation methodology for microscopic traffic simulations
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics and Engineering Acoustics, Technical Acoustics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, VinnExcellence Center for ECO2 Vehicle design. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics and Engineering Acoustics, Marcus Wallenberg Laboratory MWL.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1743-2531
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, VinnExcellence Center for ECO2 Vehicle design. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics and Engineering Acoustics, Technical Acoustics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics and Engineering Acoustics, Marcus Wallenberg Laboratory MWL.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4103-0129
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, VinnExcellence Center for ECO2 Vehicle design. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics and Engineering Acoustics, Technical Acoustics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics and Engineering Acoustics, Marcus Wallenberg Laboratory MWL.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6555-531X
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Vehicle engineering and technical acoustics.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0176-5358
2023 (English)In: Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, ISSN 1361-9209, E-ISSN 1879-2340, Vol. 118, p. 1-17, article id 103712Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This paper proposes a methodology in traffic noise assessment, whose objective is to combine microscopic traffic simulations and noise calculation methods with macro-level, systemic noise impact assessment models. This combination, referred to as the vehicle-specific noise exposure cost (NEC), provides a per-vehicle contribution to the overall noise impact. Three case studies are introduced illustrating the potential of the methodology: a reference case with a dynamic traffic flow, the correlation between vehicle-specific NECs and average speeds, and vehicle-specific NECs in a mixed traffic fleet. The results highlight the interest and importance of using a microscopic approach, as the impact of interactions, vehicle-specific characteristics and behaviors are reflected into the associated NECs. Additionally, the correlation between vehicle-specific NECs and average speeds strongly depends on traffic conditions, further highlighting the importance of methodological features such as the interactions captured in microscopic traffic simulations or the acceleration-dependency of the implemented vehicle noise source model.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV , 2023. Vol. 118, p. 1-17, article id 103712
Keywords [en]
Microscopic traffic simulationsRoad traffic noiseNoise exposureNoise impact assessment
National Category
Vehicle and Aerospace Engineering Fluid Mechanics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-325017DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2023.103712ISI: 001035838400001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85150767054OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-325017DiVA, id: diva2:1745825
Note

QC 20241105

Available from: 2023-03-24 Created: 2023-03-24 Last updated: 2025-02-14Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Noise emissions from sustainable transport: A multi-scale modeling approach
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Noise emissions from sustainable transport: A multi-scale modeling approach
2023 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Noise emissions from transportation remain one of the greatest environmental issues of modern day. Inhabitants in urban environments are especially exposed, with almost 80 million people in the European Union exposed to noise levels exceeding the recommended limits set by the World Health Organization (WHO). The community engaged in the research field of environmental acoustics is in agreement: the exposure to road traffic noise must be reduced to the benefit of our health and well-being. While the health-related effects from exposure of traffic noise are problematic and of utmost importance to reduce, the provision of efficient transport is also a necessity. Therefore, innovative approaches and solutions are critical, e.g. in infrastructure, policies, legislation, or technological aspects of the vehicles, to sustainably fulfill the mobility needs of tomorrow. These conflicting requirements on transportation call for a more holistic approach to traffic analysis, and a better understanding of the relation between these effects from the traffic.

This thesis introduces the noise exposure cost (NEC) methodology to evaluate the contributions from individual vehicles to the overall traffic noise impact in a systemic, multi-vehicle context. By integrating NEC with microscopic traffic simulations, the approach allows for feedback on the long-term noise exposure caused by specific vehicles at a micro-scale. Vehicle noise emissions result from both vehicle type characteristics and driving behavior, which can be assessed holistically. The work performed as part of this thesis emphasizes the trade-off between model scalability and fidelity in traffic simulations, noise prediction, and the evaluation of health and well-being impacts. It also explores the connection between models, highlighting dependencies on vehicle properties and kinematics. The research identifies the significant influence of acceleration on vehicle noise emissions, especially during peak urban traffic hours, impacting correlations between model outputs.

Additionally, the concept of allocating the noise exposure cost down to individual vehicles by means of contributed acoustic energy is expanded to take the main contributing vehicles and time-segments into consideration, and to allow for a non-linear weighting factor. These allocation strategies also allow for more of the total NEC being allocated to more noisy vehicles, as vehicles that contribute more to the overall noise exposure than others may be more easily identified.

In conclusion, the NEC methodology enables the assessment of systemic impact of noise exposure at a micro-scale resolution of the traffic, and may prove useful for holistic approaches to evaluate noise-related legislations and policies, as well as technological aspects of the vehicles.

Abstract [sv]

Trafikbuller är ett av de stora miljöproblemen idag. Invånare i stadsmiljöer är särskilt utsatta, där nära 80 miljoner personer i Europeiska Unionen är utsatta för bullernivåer som överskrider Världshälsoorganisationens (WHOs) angivna gränsvärden. Gruppen inom forskningsområdet miljöakustik är enig: exponeringen mot vägtrafikbuller måste reduceras för att främja vår hälsa och välmående. Medan de hälsorelaterade effekterna från exponering för buller är på en ohållbar nivå och bör reduceras, så är även tillhandahållandet av effektiva transporter en nödvändighet. Därför är innovativa tillvägagångssätt och lösningar kritiska, exempelvis inom infrastruktur, politiska beslut, lagstiftning, eller tekniska aspekter hos fordonen, för att på ett hållbart sätt uppfylla framtidens transportbehov. Dessa motstridiga krav på transportnätverket kräver en mer holistisk syn på trafikanalys, för att förstå relationen mellan dessa effekter från trafiken.

Denna avhandling presenterar en metodik för bullerexponeringskostnad (noise exposure cost, NEC) för att utvärdera individuella fordons bidrag till den totala bullerpåverkan i ett trafiksammanhang på systemnivå. Genom att integrera NEC med trafiksimuleringar på mikronivå möjliggörs återkoppling mellan effekterna av den långsiktiga bullerexponeringen och bullerbidragen orsakade av enskilda fordon. Fordonsbuller beror av körbeteende och egenskaper typiska för fordonstypen, och bör utvärderas holistiskt. Arbetet i denna avhandling fokuserar på avvägningen mellan modellers skalbarhet och noggrannhet i trafiksimuleringar, bullerberäkningar och utvärderingen av påverkan på hälsa och välmående. Det utforskar också sambandet mellan olika modeller, och lyfter fram beroenden av fordonsegenskaper och kinematik. Forskningen identifierar den betydande påverkan av acceleration på fordonsbuller, särskilt vid mycket trafik i stadsområden, vilket påverkar korrelationen mellan modellernas resultat.

Dessutom utvidgas konceptet till att allokera bullerkostnaden till enskilda fordon baserat på deras enskilda bullerbidrag. Detta för att potentiellt kunna allokera en större del av den totala kostnaden till fordon som bidrar särskilt mycket till den totala bullernivån eller till särskilda tidsegment med höga bullernivåer, samt att tillåta en ickelinjär viktfunktion. Dessa allokeringsstrategier ger också möjligheten att allokera en högre kostnad till bullriga fordon, då fordon som bidrar mer till den totala bullernivån lättare kan identifieras.

Sammanfattningsvis möjliggör NEC-metodiken bedömningar av en på systemnivå beräknad påverkan av bullerexponering, som i sin tur är beräknad på en upplösning av trafiken på mikroskala. Detta arbete kan vara användbart för holistiska metoder för att utvärdera bullerrelaterad lagstiftning och policy samt tekniska aspekter hos fordonen.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2023
Series
TRITA-SCI-FOU ; 2023:65
Keywords
Traffic simulation, sustainable transport, environmental noise, vehicle acoustics, energy efficiency, Trafiksimulering, hållbar transport, samhällsbuller, fordonsakustik, energieffektivitet
National Category
Fluid Mechanics Vehicle and Aerospace Engineering Environmental Engineering
Research subject
Vehicle and Maritime Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-340851 (URN)978-91-8040-805-9 (ISBN)
Public defence
2024-01-19, F3, Lindstedtsvägen 26, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC 231215

Available from: 2023-12-15 Created: 2023-12-14 Last updated: 2025-02-14Bibliographically approved

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Nygren, JohanBoij, SusannRumpler, RomainO'Reilly, Ciarán J.

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Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment
Vehicle and Aerospace EngineeringFluid Mechanics

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