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Discrete element technique for modeling high-speed railway tracks
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0916-4602
2023 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The Discrete element method (DEM) is a methodology to investigatethe interactions among granular materials. It analyzes the behavior of par-ticulate environments by solving force-displacement equations that adhereto Newton’s second law of motion. Despite its usefulness, the DEM is notwithout limitations, and researchers are still facing certain challenges thatrestrict them from performing detailed analyses of granular materials. Thisstudy addresses two issues in DEM modeling of granular materials in rail-way embankments. Firstly, the long computational time required by theDEM for modeling fine angular particles in granular materials is addressedby exploring the effects of particle scaling on the shear behavior of granularmaterial. This study investigates the impact of particle size distribution,particle angularity, and the amount of scaling on the accuracy and compu-tational efficiency of DEM. Secondly, the limitations of DEM in includingthe continuous rail beam structure in the track are addressed by verifyinga DEM model against physical measurements of a full-scale ballasted trackand investigating the influence of including the rail beam structure on high-speed railway ballasted tracks. The results show that the use of particlescaling in the first study significantly improves the computational efficiencyof the DEM while maintaining accuracy, and this method is used in thesecond study to investigate the influence of the rail beam structure on thebehavior of railway tracks.

Abstract [sv]

Diskreta elementmetoden (DEM) är en effektiv metod för att undersö-ka interaktioner i granulära material. Metoden analyserar samverkan mellanpartiklar genom att lösa kraft-deformationsekvationer som följer Newtonsandra lag. Trots dess användbarhet har DEM vissa begränsningar och fors-kare stöter fortfarande på vissa utmaningar som hindrar dem från att ge-nomföra detaljerade analyser av granulära material. Denna studie tar upptvå frågeställningar vid DEM-modellering av granulära material i järnvägs-bankar. För det första behandlas den långa beräkningstiden som krävs föratt modellera granulära material genom att utforska effekterna av parti-kelskalning på skjuvbeteendet. Studien undersöker effekten av partikelstor-leksfördelning och spetsighet på noggrannheten och beräkningseffektivite-ten. För det andra behandlas begränsningarna hos DEM när det gäller attinkludera den kontinuerliga rälsstrukturen i spåret genom att verifiera enDEM-modell mot fysiska mätningar av ett ballasterat spår i full skala ochundersöka inverkan av att inkludera rälsstrukturen. Resultaten i den förstastudien visar att tillämpningen av partikelskalning avsevärt förbättrar be-räkningseffektiviteten samtidigt som noggrannheten bibehålls. Partikelskal-ning används i den andra studien för att undersöka inverkan av rälsstruk-turen på beteendet hos järnvägsspår.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2023. , p. 47
Series
TRITA-ABE-DLT ; 2320
Keywords [en]
Polygonal particles, Direct shear test, Particle scaling, Bal- lasted track, DEM
Keywords [sv]
Polygonala partiklar, direkt skjuvförsök, partikelskalning, ballastspår, DEM
National Category
Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology
Research subject
Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-326684ISBN: 978-91-8040-565-2 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-326684DiVA, id: diva2:1755471
Presentation
2023-05-30, B3, Brinellvägen 23, KTH Campus, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/66076225402, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Swedish Transport Administration, D8631
Note

QC 230508

Available from: 2023-05-08 Created: 2023-05-08 Last updated: 2025-02-07Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Scaling granular material with polygonal particles in discrete element modeling
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Scaling granular material with polygonal particles in discrete element modeling
2023 (English)In: Particuology, ISSN 1674-2001, E-ISSN 2210-4291, Vol. 75, p. 151-164Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Despite advancements in computational resources, the discrete element method (DEM) still requires considerable computational time to solve detailed problems, especially when it comes to the large-scale models. In addition to the geometry scale of the problem, the particle shape has a dramatic effect on the computational cost of DEM. Therefore, many studies have been performed with simplified spherical particles or clumps. Particle scaling is an approach to increase the particle size to reduce the number of particles in the DEM. Although several particle scaling methods have been introduced, there are still some disagreements regarding their applicability to certain aspects of problems. In this study, the effect of particle scalping on the shear behavior of granular material is explored. Real granular particles were scanned and imported as polygonal particles in the direct shear test. The effect of particle size distribution, particle angularity, and the amount of scalping were investigated. The results show that particle scalping can simulate the correct shear behavior of the model with significant improvement in computational time. Also, the accuracy of the scalping method depends on the particle angularity and particle size range.

Keywords
Particle scaling, Direct shear test, Discrete element method, PFC, Polygonal shape, Granular material
National Category
Computational Mathematics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-325207 (URN)10.1016/j.partic.2022.07.005 (DOI)000975781000004 ()2-s2.0-85136193890 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Swedish Transport Administration
Note

QC 20230530

Available from: 2023-04-03 Created: 2023-04-03 Last updated: 2023-05-30Bibliographically approved
2. The influence of the rail beam on the settlement ofhigh-speed railway tracks: A discrete element study
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The influence of the rail beam on the settlement ofhigh-speed railway tracks: A discrete element study
Show others...
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Modelling railway embankments have two main challenges in the discrete ele-ment method (DEM). First, the granular material of the embankment consistof millions of fine angular particles which are difficult to model due to thelong computational time. As a result, researchers prefer to use spherical orscale-up particles as granular material. Also, it prevents the modeling of thehigher number of loading cycles. Second, the DEM is incapable of includingcontinuous rail beams due to its discrete nature. Therefore, most of the re-search is limited to ignoring the rail beam and other structural elements ofthe track. In this study, a DEM model is calibrated against the measure-ment results of a physical full-scale ballasted track. The model is then used toinvestigate the effect of including the rail beam for high-speed railways sub-jected to 2000 axle passages. The results show that although ignoring therail beam does not substantially affect the results for initial loading cycles,its influence is significant after a couple of hundred axle passages. The modelwithout a rail beam shows more principal stress rotation, more settlement,non-realistic vertical displacement of the sleepers, more particle rearrange-ment and more sleepers’ vibration. Therefore, it is necessary to include therail beam in the long-term analysis of the track to conclude realistic results.

Keywords
High-speed railway, Ballasted track, Discrete element method, Moving load, Polygonal shape, Track settlement
National Category
Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology
Research subject
Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-326683 (URN)
Funder
Swedish Transport Administration, D8631
Note

QC 20230508

Available from: 2023-05-08 Created: 2023-05-08 Last updated: 2025-02-07Bibliographically approved

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Ahmadi, Alireza

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