kth.sePublications
Change search
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Spatial Variations and Breaks in the Optical-NIR spectra of the Pulsar and PWN in SNR 0540-69.3
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics, Particle and Astroparticle Physics.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7746-8512
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics, Particle and Astroparticle Physics.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0065-2933
Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, The Oskar Klein Centre, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1546-6615
Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, The Oskar Klein Centre, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3664-8082
Show others and affiliations
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The supernova remnant SNR 0540-69.3 offer an excellent opportunity to study the continuum emission from a young pulsar and pulsar-wind nebula (PWN). We study the continuum emission from the pulsar and PWN of SNR 0540-69.3 with the VLT instruments MUSE and X-shooter in the wavelength range 3000–25,000 Å, which provides the possibility to study spatial variations of the optical spectra along with the first near-infrared (NIR) spectrum of SNR 0540-69.3. We model the optical spectra with a power law (PL) Fν ∝ ν−α and find clear spatial variations (including a torus-jet structure) in the spectral index across the PWN, the general trend being a spectral hardening toward the outer parts, from α ~ 1.7 to ~ 0.5. The full optical-NIR spectrum of the PWN is best described by a broken power law with the break frequency at log10b) = 14.61 ± 0.04 Hz and spectral indices of α1 = 0.88 ± 0.04 and α2 = 1.27 ± 0.05. These results confirm that several breaks are needed to model the full spectral energy distribution of the PWN. Finally, we subtract the PWN contribution from the pulsar spectrum in MUSE and find that a spectral break at log10 b) = 14.622 ± 0.002 Hz and spectral indices of α1 = 1.02 ± 0.07 and α2 = 2.010 ± 0.007 describe the pulsar spectrum. 

Keywords [en]
Core-collapse Supernovae – Supernova remnants – Pulsar-Wind Nebulae – Pulsars
National Category
Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology
Research subject
Physics, Atomic, Subatomic and Astrophysics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-326947OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-326947DiVA, id: diva2:1757329
Note

QC 20230525

Available from: 2023-05-16 Created: 2023-05-16 Last updated: 2023-05-25Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. The Pulsar and Nebula in SNR 0540-69.3
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The Pulsar and Nebula in SNR 0540-69.3
2023 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Supernova remnants (SNRs) are the end products of supernova (SN) explosions. These explosions happen when certain massive stars face the ends of their evolutionary cycle and create shock waves propagating in the surrounding medium by ejecting part of the star’s material. An SNR is the region defined by these powerful shocks. Due to the nature of SNRs spreading stellar material to their surroundings, they play a major part in the chemical evolution of the universe. 

Some SNRs are observed to contain a pulsar (PSR), a spinning neutron star emitting electromagnetic radiation through its magnetic poles, and a pulsar-wind nebula (PWN), where relativistic particles and magnetic fields escaping the pulsar interact with the surroundings. This is the case for SNR 0540-69.3 (SNR0540), the so called twin of one of the most studied astronomical objects in the sky, the Crab Nebula. The attached paper (Paper I) is based on VLT observations of the central regions of SNR 0540 with the instruments MUSE and X-Shooter. The MUSE observations provide a possibility to study the optical spatial variations of SNR 0540 for the first time utilising spectroscopy, and are in general one of the few such studies of PWNe in the optical. On the other hand, earlier works focusing on the shape of the SNR 0540 continuum spectrum in the optical wavelengths have mostly utilised narrow band photometry, which has yielded conflicting results. The X-shooter observations of SNR 0540 providing the first near-infrared (NIR) spectrum with a good coverage in the optical can be used to tackle these problems. 

In Paper I, the continuum emission is modelled by power-law models to constrain the underlying conditions in the PSR and PWN in SNR 0540. An important parameter in these models is called the spectral index (α), which determines the slope of the spectrum. We find significant spatial variations in the spectral index that reveal a torus-jet structure around the PSR, confirming earlier results. Surprisingly, we also find that the spectral index decreases (from α ~ 1.7 to α ~ 0.5) toward the outer parts of the PWN and is the largest for the PSR (α1 ~ 1 in the low and α2 ~ 2 in the high frequencies), in contrast to theoretical expectations for the basic scenario of synchrotron cooling. Additionally, two spectral indices seem to be required to characterise both the PSR’s and PWN’s optical(-NIR) spectra. 

Future observations in the optical but also in the infrared and X-rays would help understanding the complex conditions in the central regions of SNRs. Most importantly, optical observations of other SNRs would shed light on whether SNR 0540 is a special case. The unexpected spectral index variations in SNR 0540 highlight the need for further theoretical work to better understand the origin of the optical synchrotron emission in PSRs and PWNe. 

Abstract [sv]

Supernovarester (SNR) är slutprodukterna av supernovaexplosioner (SN). Dessa explosioner inträffar när vissa massiva stjärnor möter ändarna av sin evolutionära cykel och skapar chockvågor som fortplantar sig i det omgivande mediet genom att stöta ut en del av stjärnans material. En SNR är regionen som definieras av dessa kraftfulla stötar. På grund av naturen hos SNR som sprider stjärnmaterial till sin omgivning spelar de en stor roll i universums kemiska utveckling. 

Vissa SNR:er har observerats innehålla en pulsar (PSR), en snurrande neutronstjärna som sänder ut elektromagnetisk strålning genom sina magnetiska poler, och en pulsar-vindnebulosa (PWN), där relativistiska partiklar och magnetfält som flyr pulsarn interagerar med omgivningen. Detta är fallet för SNR 0540-69.3 (SNR 0540), den så kallade tvillingen till ett av de mest studerade astronomiska objekten på himlen, Krabbanebulosan. Bifogade papper (Paper I) är baserad på VLT-observationer av de centrala regionerna i SNR 0540 med instrumenten MUSE och X-Shooter. MUSE-observationerna ger en möjlighet att studera de optiska rumsliga variationerna av SNR 0540 för första gången med hjälp av spektroskopi, och är i allmänhet en av få sådana studier av PWNe i optiken. A andra sidan har tidigare arbeten med fokus på formen av SNR 0540-kontinuumspektrumet i de optiska våglängderna mestadels använt smalbandsfotometri, vilket har gett motstridiga resultat. X-shooter-observationerna av SNR 0540 som ger det första nära-infraröda (NIR) spektrumet med en bra täckning i optiken kan användas för att ta itu med dessa problem. 

I Paper I modelleras synkrotronemissionen av potenslagsmodeller för att begränsa de underliggande förhållandena i PSR och PWN i SNR 0540. En viktig parameter i dessa modeller kallas spektralindex (α), som bestämmer spektrumets lutning. Vi hittar betydande rumsliga variationer i det spektrala indexet som avslöjar en torus-jet-struktur runt PSR, vilket bekraftar tidigare resultat. Överraskande nog finner vi också att spektralindexet minskar (från α ~ 1.7 till α ~ 0.5) mot de yttre delarna av PWN och är störst för PSR (α1 ~ 1 i de låga och α2 ~ 2 i de höga frekvenserna), i motsats till teoretiska förväntningar på grundscenariot med synkrotronkylning. Dessutom verkar två spektrala index krävas för att karakterisera både PSR:s och PWN:s optiska(-NIR) spektra. 

Framtida observationer inom det optiska, men också i det infraröda och röntgenstrålar skulle hjälpa till att förstå de komplexa förhållandena i de centrala regionerna av SNR. Det viktigaste är att optiska observationer av andra SNR:er skulle belysa om SNR 0540 är ett specialfall. De oväntade spektrala indexvariationerna i SNR 0540 belyser behovet av ytterligare teoretiskt arbete för att bättre förstå ursprunget till den optiska synkrotronemissionen i PSR och PWNe. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2023
Series
TRITA-SCI-FOU ; 2023:32
National Category
Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology
Research subject
Physics, Atomic, Subatomic and Astrophysics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-327005 (URN)978-91-8040-618-5 (ISBN)
Presentation
2023-06-12, FB52, AlbaNova Universitetscentrum, Roslagstullsbacken 21, Stockholm, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC 2023-05-23

Available from: 2023-05-23 Created: 2023-05-16 Last updated: 2023-05-23Bibliographically approved

Open Access in DiVA

tenhu_paper1_2023.pdf(3327 kB)76 downloads
File information
File name FULLTEXT01.pdfFile size 3327 kBChecksum SHA-512
25826b8c6ce197e07c73966af9f30d8ce48425f8342b321be47c622f48e5b6e9b43c5062ca8c05f0a74d357d8d3093c33ce2ac670782a4f472c8c3b23309a146
Type fulltextMimetype application/pdf

Authority records

Tenhu, LindaLarsson, Josefin

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Tenhu, LindaLarsson, JosefinSollerman, JesperLundqvist, PeterSpyromilio, JasonLyman, J. D.Fransson, Claes
By organisation
Particle and Astroparticle Physics
Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar
Total: 76 downloads
The number of downloads is the sum of all downloads of full texts. It may include eg previous versions that are now no longer available

urn-nbn

Altmetric score

urn-nbn
Total: 89 hits
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf