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The impact of local fatigue damage on bridge performance
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3244-1153
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2833-4585
2023 (English)In: Proceedings 14th International Conference on Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering, ICASP14, 2023Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Fatigue is one of the main failure mechanisms for steel bridges and theoretically puts restrictions or limitations on their continued use. However, bridges are structures with redundancy to various extents. The appearance of a crack sometimes does not necessarily lead to the failure of the whole bridge and can be tolerated temporarily. Therefore, to maintain or extend the service life of bridges, an adequately selected criterion for assessment and an accurate assessment of the service life are both of great importance. This paper aims to reveal how existing local fatigue damage influences the performance of the entire bridge. A simply supported steel railway bridge with four parallel main beams is selected as a case study. Various sizes of cracks are simulated close to mid-span in a finite element model. The maximum vertical displacement of the main structure is selected as the failure criterion, which is connected to material plasticity and restoration of initial conditions. The results show that for the selected bridge, cracks close to the mid-span in one of the four beams will not lead to irreversible displacement, regardless of the crack size. No global plastic behavior has been initiated. It shows that, for the selected bridge, with sufficient redundancy, the existing fatigue damage does not influence the functionality or integrity of the whole bridge, and related actions can be planned with lower priority.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2023.
National Category
Civil Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-327350OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-327350DiVA, id: diva2:1759085
Conference
14th International Conference on Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering, ICASP14 Dublin, Ireland, July 9-13, 2023
Note

QC 20230525

Available from: 2023-05-24 Created: 2023-05-24 Last updated: 2023-08-01Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Fatigue of existing steel bridges: Reliability and risk analyses for decision-making
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Fatigue of existing steel bridges: Reliability and risk analyses for decision-making
2023 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Fatigue is one of the primary reasons that limit the service life of steel bridges. Many bridges in Sweden and other countries have progressively approached their anticipated service lives. Since funding and resources are limited, simultaneously replacement or maintenance of bridges is impractical. The effort should be put into extending the service life as far as possible and making optimal decisions on when and which interventions to implement.

This doctoral thesis aims to develop a risk-based framework supporting rational decisions to extend the service life of existing steel bridges, allowing bridges to maintain a desired safety level with minimised expected costs. It requires (i) an accurate fatigue life prediction considering different levels of uncertainties and (ii) an evaluation of interventions and consequences for an optimal decision.

Considering part (i), the reliability analysis is first performed on a single critical detail by comparing the detail's time-dependent reliability to a prerequisite safety level. The feasibility of advanced simulation techniques has been evaluated. Then, the spatial correlation between stochastic variables of several similar details has been considered. With the assumption of equivalent correlation, the system reliability can be estimated by an efficient modelling approach. A system perspective allows a better understanding of the condition of the entire bridge, since bridges are structures with typically high redundancy. A probabilistic finite element analysis has been performed to investigate the impact of local fatigue damage on the entire bridge.

Decisions based on reliability analysis can differ from those based on risk analysis, since they have different objective criteria. Decisions made according to the probability of failure or reliability are not necessarily economic. A utility-based risk analysis is motivated for part (ii). Several interventions and potential consequences are evaluated in different scenarios. The expected costs to extend the service life of bridges are minimised by choosing the most optimal intervention. The conditional probability and system modelling are investigated in parametric studies, revealing if and when the optimal decision will alter. An optimised inspection planning is also motivated to make each inspection more effective than conventional inspections at constant intervals. The number of inspections is reduced, and the inspection intervals are prolonged using an optimised strategy and an inspection method with high detection probability.

Abstract [sv]

Utmattning är en av de vanligaste orsakerna för begränsningar av livslängden för stålbroar. Ett stort antal befintliga broar i Sverige och i andra länder närmar sig sin förväntade livslängd. På grund av att ekonomin och andra resurser är begränsade är det inte möjligt att ersätta eller underhålla alla broar på en gång. Ansträngningar bör läggas på att förlänga livslängden så långt det är möjligt och att fatta optimala beslut om när och vilka insatser som ska genomföras.

Den här avhandlingen har till syfte att utveckla ett riskbaserat ramverk som stödjer rationella beslut för att förlänga livslängden på stålbroar, vilket gör att broar kan behålla en önskad säkerhetsnivå med minimerade förväntade kostnader. Det erfordrar (i) en tillförlitlig uppskattning av livslängden med hänsyn till olika nivåer av osäkerheter, och (ii) utvärdering av underhållsåtgärder och konsekvenser för ett optimalt beslut.

Med avseende på (i) har tillförlitlighetsanalysen först utförts på en enskild kritisk detalj, genom att jämföra detaljens tidsberoende tillförlitlighet med en förväntad säkerhetsnivå. Avancerade simuleringstekniker visar stor potential. Sedan har rumsliga korrelationer mellan stokastiska variabler med flera liknande detaljer beaktats. Tillförlitligheten för ett system av komponenter har uppskattats genom en modellering med ekvivalenta korrelationer. Ett systemperspektiv ger en bättre förståelse av hela bronstillstånd, eftersom broar är strukturer med hög redundans. En probabilistisk finita elementanalys har utförts för att undersöka inverkan av lokala utmattningsskador på hela bron.

Besluten baserade på tillförlitlighetsanalys kan skilja sig från de som baseras på en uppskattad risk, eftersom metoderna har olika målfunktioner. Beslut som fattas av sannolikhet för brott eller tillförlitlighet kommer inte nödvändigtvis att vara ekonomiskt. En nyttobaserad riskanalys motiveras för delområde (ii). Flera åtgärder och potentiella konsekvenser utvärderas i olika scenarier. De förväntade kostnaderna för att förlänga broars livslängd minimeras genom att välja den mest optimala åtgärden. Den betingade sannolikheten och systemmodelleringen undersöks i parametriska studier, och visar om och när det optimala beslutet kommer att ändras. En optimerad inspektionsplanering är motiverad för att göra varje inspektion mer effektiv jämfört med inspektioner med konstanta intervall. Antalet inspektioner reduceras och inspektionsintervallen förlängs genom att använda en optimerad strategi, tillsammans med en inspektionsmetod med hög noggrannhet.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2023. p. 33
Series
TRITA-ABE-DLT ; 2330
Keywords
Fatigue, steel bridges, decision-making, reliability analysis, risk analysis, spatial correlation, system modelling, inspection and maintenance, Utmattning, stålbroar, beslutsfattande, tillförlitlighet, riskanalys, rumslig korrelation, systemmodellering, inspektion och underhåll
National Category
Infrastructure Engineering
Research subject
Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-327381 (URN)978-91-8040-609-3 (ISBN)
Public defence
2023-08-28, Kollegiesalen,Brinellvägen 8, KTH Campus, Zoom: https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/62115232301, Stockholm, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2023-06-07 Created: 2023-05-26 Last updated: 2023-06-13Bibliographically approved

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