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Evaluation of Woodmer/plastic composites
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology.
2023 (English)Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesisAlternative title
Evaluering av Woodmer/plast kompositmaterial (Swedish)
Abstract [sv]

Plast ger otroliga möjligheter i form av stor variation för materialanvändning. Tyvärr sker det dock på bekostnad av miljön då de ackumuleras i naturen. En kompromiss mellan hållbarhet och fortsatt plastanvändning skulle kunna vara att använda biomassa som fyllnadsmaterial i plastkompositer istället för plast. Detta skulle i sin tur minska mängden plast och öka användningen av förnybara råvaror. Naturligtvis måste de mekaniska och termiska egenskaperna också vara av acceptabel kvalitet för materialtillämpningar och helst även erbjuda någon form av uppgradering av det redan existerande materialet. Ett potentiellt fyllnadsmaterial är Woodmer, en LCC (lignin kolhydrat komplex) som produceras av Ecohelix. Woodmers förmåga att agera som ett termoplastiskt kompositmaterial analyserades och jämfördes med de respektive jungfruliga termoplasterna. Tre olika plaster används som bas för kompositerna och dessa plaster var akrylnitril-butadien-styren (ABS), polymjölksyra (PLA) och lågdensitetspolyeten (LDPE).

Resultaten visar att det är möjligt att skapa homogena Woodmer/termoplast kompositmaterial. När det gäller de termiska egenskaperna, så gav inte UL 94 någon brandklassificering på materialen, några positiva effekter observerades i TGA och resultaten från DSC var mestadels oförändrade jämfört med respektive jungfrulig plast. Dragprovning visade å andra sidan att de mekaniska egenskaperna påverkas negativt av högre Woodmer tillsatser men effekten varierade kraftigt mellan de olika plasterna då LDPE var minst påverkad och PLA mest påverkad. Framtida forskning bör fokusera på att tillverka material genom dubbelskruv extrudering eftersom det tyvärr fanns problem med blandningen i enkelskruv extrudering. Ytterligare forskning kring materialens morfologi, löslighet och så vidare krävs också för att se om kompositerna är lämpliga material eller om det finns några oförutsedda problem.

Abstract [en]

Plastics provide incredible opportunities in the form of great versatility for material usage. However, this comes at the cost of environmental issues as they accumulate in the environment. Therefore a compromise between sustainability and continued plastic usage is to use biomass as a filler material in plastic composites instead of virgin plastics. This would in turn reduce the amount of plastic and increase the usage of renewable raw materials. Of course the mechanical and thermal properties must also be of acceptable quality for material applications and preferably even offer some form of improvement to the preexisting material. One potential biomass filler material is Woodmer, a LCC (lignin carbohydrate complex) produced by Ecohelix. The viability of Woodmer as a thermoplastic composite material was analysed and compared to virgin thermoplastics. Three different plastics were used as basis for the composites and these plastics were Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), polylactic acid (PLA) and low density polyethylene (LDPE).

The results show that it is possible to create homogenous Woodmer/thermoplastic composites. As for the thermal properties, while the UL 94 provided no flame classification on the materials some positive effects were observed in TGA and the results from the DSC were similar to the virgin plastics. The tensile test on the other hand showed that the mechanical properties were negatively affected by increasing Woodmer additions but the effect varied substantially between the different plastics as LDPE was the least affected and PLA the most affected. Future research should focus on making the materials through twin screw extrusion as there were unfortunately issues with the mixing from single screw extruders. Further research regarding the materials morphology, solubility and so forth are also required to see if the composites are suitable materials or if there are any unforeseen issues.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2023.
Series
TRITA-CBH-GRU ; 2023:240
Keywords [en]
Extrusion, Woodmer, Flame test, Tensile test, Composites
Keywords [sv]
Extrudering, Woodmer, Flamtest, Dragtest, Kompositer
National Category
Polymer Technologies
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-333535OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-333535DiVA, id: diva2:1785530
Subject / course
Chemical Engineering
Educational program
Degree of Master - Chemical Engineering for Energy and Environment
Examiners
Available from: 2023-08-03 Created: 2023-08-03 Last updated: 2024-02-01

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