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Development and evaluation of solar heating solutions for Villages in the highlands of Peru
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM).
2023 (English)Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
Abstract [en]

In the Peruvian highlands, hundreds of thousands of people live in dwellings that are completely unheated. In this climate, nighttime indoor temperatures during the winter could be as low as 0°C. Indoor cold can cause thousands of respiratory diseases and increase winter mortality. The most natural solution to this problem would be to install some passive or active heating solution to increase indoor temperatures at night.

The purpose of this thesis was to develop and evaluate active solar heating solutions for buildings in these regions. At altitudes of 3500 meters above sea level (m.a.s.l.) and higher, this type of research is limited, especially when it comes to mechanical heating systems. The first step of the process was to investigate this previous research and after that, field work was performed in the Peruvian Andes. Based on this literature review and the field work, four solar heating systems were developed and modelled in EnergyPlus. These models were then used to determine the performance of the different systems and how they impacted the indoor environment. After that, their installation costs were estimated, and their cost relative performance was compared. Ultimately their life cycle costs were calculated, and a sensitivity analysis was performed. These solar heating systems were also compared to a fifth system that used grid electricity and electrical heaters to heat the building.

Proposal #2 was deemed the best overall. It had a strong performance and was the cheapest to install, after the option that only uses electrical heaters. It also had the lowest life cycle cost, making it a solid option. However, proposal #4 was the only one able to operate without grid electricity, making it a good option for some cases. The ultimate goal of this thesis is for these proposals to gain interest in Peru so that some organization is willing to fund their construction.

Abstract [sv]

I de peruanska bergen bor hundratusentals människor i bostäder som är helt ouppvärmda. I detta klimat kan nattliga inomhustemperaturer under vintern vara så låga som 0°C. Kyla inomhus kan orsaka tusentals luftvägssjukdomar och öka vinterdödligheten. Den rimligaste lösningen på detta problem skulle vara att installera något passivt eller aktivt värmesystem för att öka inomhustemperaturen på natten.

Syftet med detta examensarbete var att utveckla och utvärdera aktiva uppvärmningssystem som drivs av solen för byggnader i dessa regioner. På höjder av 3500 meter över havet och högre är denna typ av forskning begränsad, särskilt när det gäller mekaniska värmesystem. Det första steget i processen var att undersöka tidigare forskning och efter det utfördes fältarbete i de peruanska Anderna. Baserat på denna litteraturstudie och fältarbetet utvecklades fyra solvärmesystem som sedan modellerades i EnergyPlus. Dessa modeller användes för att bestämma de olika systemens prestanda samt hur de påverkade inomhusmiljön. Därefter uppskattades deras installationskostnader och deras kostnadsrelativa prestanda jämfördes. Till slut beräknades deras livscykelkostnader och en känslighetsanalys utfördes. Dessa solvärmesystem jämfördes också med ett femte system som använde elvärmare drivna av elnätet för att värma byggnaden.

Förslag #2 ansågs vara det bästa totalt sett. Det hade en stark prestanda och var det billigaste att installera av de fyra alternativen efter det som bara använde elvärmare. Det hade också den lägsta livscykelkostnaden, vilket gör det till ett gediget alternativ. Förslag #4 var dock det enda som kunde fungera utan elnät, vilket gör det till ett bra alternativ i vissa fall. Det slutliga målet med detta examensarbete är att dessa förslag ska väcka intresse i Peru så att någon organisation är villig att finansiera deras konstruktion.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2023. , p. 62
Series
TRITA-ITM-EX ; 2023:312
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-333689OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-333689DiVA, id: diva2:1786563
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Examiners
Available from: 2023-08-09 Created: 2023-08-09 Last updated: 2023-08-09Bibliographically approved

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