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Improving the ecological validity of cognitive functions assessment through Virtual Environments: Results of a usability evaluation with healthy adults
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS).
2023 (English)Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
Abstract [en]

The early detection of mild cognitive impairment has the potential to significantly impact the lives of individuals who may be unaware of their cognitive decline. Such a condition can greatly affect their quality of life and ability to perform daily activities. Cognitive screening tests have been developed to identify those who may have cognitive problems or who may be at risk of developing them in the future, aiming to provide appropriate evaluation and treatment. However, a challenge with current tools is the limited correlation often observed between formal tests of executive functions and real-life functioning, which is known as ecological validity. To address this issue, cutting-edge technologies like Virtual Reality can be utilized to assess cognitive functions and increase ecological validity, resulting in more reliable assessments. This study presents a virtual reality application called CE360°VR within which various cognitive functions are examined through tasks, while both quantitative and qualitative data are collected. To achieve this, a set of fourteen scenes has been defined, drawing from standardized tests such as the “Montreal Cognitive Assessment” and the “Mini-Mental State Examination”. The application has been developed using Unity, and the virtual environments are recreated using 360° pictures. The study involves a sample of healthy adults (n=68), aiming to assess the usability and perceived user experience of the Virtual Reality Application. A questionnaire has been administered at the end of the experience including three different standardized scales: System Usability Scale, User Experience Questionnaire, and Affinity for Technology Interaction Scale. According to the results of the study, the Virtual Reality application is classified as “good” with an “acceptable” level of usability, as per the adjective scale developed by Bangor et al. The data collected, which turned into performance indicators of the participants, was found to have no correlation with either the technology affinity or the age. Instead, it was observed that the instruction level of the patients was correlated with their performance. Building upon these findings, a normative study would be necessary to standardize the results and consider this system as a reliable and valid tool for clinical use.

Abstract [sv]

Tidig upptäckt av enklare kognitiv funktionsnedsättning kan påverka livet för individer som kanske är omedvetna om deras kognitiva försämring. Ett sådant tillstånd kan i hög grad påverka deras livskvalitet och förmåga att utföra dagliga aktiviteter. Kognitiva screeningtester har, i syfte att tillhandahålla lämplig utvärdering och behandling, utvecklats för att identifiera personer som har kognitiva problem eller som riskerar att utveckla dem i framtiden. En utmaning med nuvarande verktyg och tester är dess ekologiska validitet eftersom testen ofta visar svag korrelation mellan formella tester av exekutiva kognitiva funktioner och verklig funktion i specifika kontexter. Genom banbrytande teknologier, såsom Virtual Reality (VR), möjliggörs att bedöma kognitiva funktioner och öka ekologisk validitet, vilket kan resultera i mer tillförlitliga bedömningar. Denna studie presenterar en VR-applikation som heter CE360°VR där de formella testerna görs inom välkända kontexter. Både kvantitativ och kvalitativ data samlades in. För att uppnå detta, har en uppsättning av 14 scener har definierats, baserade på ritningar från standardiserade tester som ”Montreal Cognitive Assessment” och ”Mini-Mental State Examination”. Applikationen har utvecklats med Unity, och virtuella miljöer återskapas med 360°-bilder. Studien involverar ett urval av friska vuxna (n=68), som syftar till att bedöma användbarheten och upplevd användarupplevelse av Virtual Reality applikationen. En enkät har besvarats i slutet av testen med hjälp av tre olika standardiserade skalor: System Usability Scale, User Experience Questionnaire och Affinity för Technology Interaction Scale. Resultaten av studien visar att Virtual Reality-applikationen klassificeras som ”bra” med en ”acceptabel” nivå av användbarhet. Datan som insamlades blev till resultatindikatorer för deltagarna, befanns inte ha något samband med vare sig den teknisk läggning eller ålder. Istället observerades att utbildningsnivån hos patienterna var korrelerad med prestation. Utifrån dessa resultat skulle en normativ studie kunna vara nödvändig för att standardisera resultaten och skapa ett system som kan vara tillförlitligt och giltigt verktyg för klinisk användning

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2023. , p. 40
Series
TRITA-EECS-EX ; 2023:373
Keywords [en]
Virtual Reality, Cognitive Impairment, Ecological Validity, Virtual Environments
Keywords [sv]
Virtuell verklighet, kognitiv funktionsnedsättning, ekologisk validitet, virtuella miljöer
National Category
Computer and Information Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-333840OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-333840DiVA, id: diva2:1787312
External cooperation
I3Lab
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Available from: 2023-09-10 Created: 2023-08-12 Last updated: 2023-09-10Bibliographically approved

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CiteExportLink to record
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Citation style
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