As a pavement material, concrete has several advantages compared to asphalt but it is hardly used on Swedish highways. In fact the youngest one is already 17 years old. This paper starts with the history of Swedish concrete pavements, continues with the current status of existing ones and discusses the reason that concrete has difficulties to compete with asphalt. The modern Swedish concrete highway consists of a 200-220 mm two-layer jointed plain concrete pavement on a cement- or asphalt-treated base. The paper summarizes the experiences from the five most recent Swedish concrete pavement projects. By selecting wear-resistant aggregates and high strength of the top layer, the concrete pavement has been shown to resist wear from the studded tires that are allowed on Swedish private cars during the winter season. In recent years, focus on low investment cost and low CO2 emissions has increased. In order to meet these goals, the Swedish concrete pavement research is oriented towards optimizing the concrete mix and prolonging the service life of existing concrete pavements by adopting foreign repair technologies. The paper ends with a summary of on-going Swedish research and research needs in the area of concrete pavements.