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Spatial transcriptomics of human placentas reveal distinct RNA patterns associated with morphology and preeclampsia
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Gene Technology. KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6800-0432
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Gene Technology. KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3755-718X
Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, and Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Sodersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet; Department of Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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2023 (English)In: Placenta, ISSN 0143-4004, E-ISSN 1532-3102, Vol. 139, p. 213-216Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Spatial transcriptomics (ST) maps RNA level patterns within a tissue. This technology has not been previously applied to human placental tissue. We demonstrate analysis of human placental samples with ST. Unsupervised clustering revealed that distinct RNA patterns were found corresponding to different morphological structures. Additionally, when focusing upon terminal villi and hemoglobin associated structures, RNA levels differed between placentas from full term healthy pregnancies and those complicated by preeclampsia. The results from this study can provide a benchmark for future ST studies in placenta.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV , 2023. Vol. 139, p. 213-216
Keywords [en]
Differential gene expression, Hemoglobin, Morphology, Oxidoreductase pathway, Placenta, Preeclampsia, Pregnancy complications, Spatial transcriptomics, Villi
National Category
Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-335727DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.07.004ISI: 001050255700001PubMedID: 37481829Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85165700790OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-335727DiVA, id: diva2:1795732
Note

QC 20230911

Available from: 2023-09-11 Created: 2023-09-11 Last updated: 2025-04-25Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Patterns of Life: Advancing Spatial Omics for a Better Understanding of Metabolic Tissues
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Patterns of Life: Advancing Spatial Omics for a Better Understanding of Metabolic Tissues
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Life hinges on the precise interplay between gene regulation and metabolism, a dynamic balance that unfolds in specific tissues and underlies both normal physiology and disease. This thesis follows a unifying red thread, advancing spatial omics for tissue-specific metabolic insights and translational applications by combining cutting-edge spatial transcriptomics and spatial epigenomics to illuminate how local regulatory mechanisms shape metabolic function.

In the initial segment of the thesis, we establish the conceptual groundwork, exploring how chromatin accessibility and transcriptional programs orchestrate cellular metabolism. We then apply spatial transcriptomics to two distinct yet metabolically active tissues. Paper I maps subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) and discovers multiple adipocyte subtypes with divergent insulin responses, underscoring the critical role of tissue architecture in metabolic homeostasis. Paper II extends these methods to the human placenta, revealing region-specific gene expression patterns that help explain the metabolic dysregulation observed in preeclampsia. Given the placenta’s pivotal role in maternal-foetal nutrient exchange, these findings offer novel insights into how morphological compartments become disrupted in disease.

Building on these insights, Paper III introduces spatial ATAC-seq, a novel technique for profiling open chromatin within intact tissues, linking regulatory elements to their spatial context. Paper IV refines this protocol for broader adoption, integrating it with commercial platforms and enabling seamless multi-omic workflows. Building on these technological advances, Paper V returns to adipose tissue in a clinically relevant setting, employing a multi-omic approach to chart the long-term remodelling of WAT after bariatric surgery. By capturing transcriptional shifts in adipocytes and immune–stromal interactions, we highlight the tissue-level transformations that underpin sustained metabolic improvements.

Collectively, these studies showcase how spatial omics can deepen our understanding of tissue-specific metabolism, bridging foundational biology and translational research. They also underscore the power of integrated multi-omic approaches in revealing how chromatin states, gene expression, and metabolic function intersect in situ. By decoding the spatial architecture of gene regulation, we not only unravel the cellular intricacies of adipose and placental tissues but also pave the way for targeted therapeutic interventions in metabolic diseases, offering a powerful lens through which to view, and ultimately shape human health.

Abstract [sv]

Livet vilar på det precisa samspelet mellan genreglering och metabolism, en dynamisk balans som utspelar sig i specifika vävnader och ligger till grund för både normal fysiologi och sjukdom. Denna avhandling beskriver utvecklingen av spatiala omik-metoder som ger insikter i vävnadsspecifik metabolism och möjliggör translationella tillämpningar. Genom att kombinera banbrytande spatiala transkriptomik och spatiala epigenomik belyser arbetet hur lokala regulatoriska mekanismer formar den metabola funktionen. I avhandlingens inledande del lägger vi den konceptuella grunden och utforskar hur kromatintillgänglighet och transkriptionsprogram styr cellens metabolism. Därefter tillämpar vi spatial transkriptomik på två metabolt aktiva vävnader. Paper I kartlägger subkutant vitt fett (WAT) och identifierar flera adipocyt-subtyper med olika insulinsvar, vilket understryker hur vävnadsarkitekturen är avgörande för metabol homeostas. Paper II överför dessa metoder till den mänskliga placentan och avslöjar region-specifika genuttrycksmönster som förklarar de metabola störningar som uppträder vid preeklampsi. Med tanke på placentans centrala roll i näringsutbytet mellan moder och foster ger dessa resultat nya insikter i hur morfologiska avgränsningar kan rubbas vid sjukdom. Utifrån dessa fynd presenterar Paper III spatial ATAC-seq, en ny teknik för att profilera öppet kromatin i intakta vävnader, vilket knyter samman regulatoriska element med deras spatiala kontext. Paper IV förfinar denna metod för bredare användning genom att integrera den med kommersiella plattformar och möjliggöra smidiga multi-omiska arbetsflöden. Slutligen återvänder Paper V till fettvävnaden i ett kliniskt relevant sammanhang och använder en multi-omisk strategi för att kartlägga långsiktig ombyggnad av WAT efter gastrisk bypass-operation. Genom att fånga upp transkriptionella förändringar i adipocyter och immunceller-stromaceller belyser vi de förändringar på vävnadsnivå som ligger bakom varaktiga metabola förbättringar. Sammantaget visar dessa studier hur spatiala omikmetoder kan fördjupa vår förståelse av vävnadsspecifik metabolism och överbrygga avståndet mellan grundläggande biologi och translationell forskning. De framhäver också styrkan i integrerade multi-omiska angreppssätt för att synliggöra hur kromatintillstånd, genuttryck och metabol funktion samverkar in situ. Genom att bevara den spatiala arkitekturen hos genreglering kan vi inte bara blottlägga de cellulära komplexiteterna i fettvävnad och placenta, utan även bana väg för riktade terapeutiska behandlingar vid metabola sjukdomar, och därigenom erbjuda ett kraftfullt verktyg för hur vi kan förstå och i förlängningen påverka människans hälsa

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm, Sweden: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2025
Series
TRITA-CBH-FOU ; 2025:11
Keywords
Spatial Transcriptomics, Spatial Omics, Epigenetics, Spatial Epigenetics, Adipose tissue, Placenta tissue, Spatial transkriptomik, Spatial omik, Epigenetik, Spatial epigenetik, Fettvävnad, Placentavävnad
National Category
Medical Biotechnology
Research subject
Biotechnology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-362817 (URN)978-91-8106-273-1 (ISBN)
Public defence
2025-05-23, Air&Fire, Science for Life Laboratory, KISP (Karolinska Institutet Science Park), Tomtebodavägen 23A, Solna, via Zoom: https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/65783126092, Stockholm, 09:15 (English)
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Note

QC 2025-04-28

Available from: 2025-04-28 Created: 2025-04-25 Last updated: 2025-05-05Bibliographically approved

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Bhalla, NayanikaFranzén, LovisaStåhl, Patrik

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