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Microbial biopolymer production from waste streams
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Industrial Biotechnology.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7472-8879
2023 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Burgeoning concerns on the adverse environmental impacts of fossil-derived products are propelling the pursuit of material production from sustainable resources. Resource recovery from waste is a key component of meeting the environmental sustainability agendas set by the United Nations. Municipal organic wastes present a significant opportunity for resource recovery due to their inherent organic content. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs), the intermediary products of anaerobic digestion of waste streams, can serve as building block chemicals with a wide range of applications. Meanwhile, microbiologically produced biopolymers called polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) hold an enormous potential as an alternative to petrochemical-based plastics, given their comparable physiochemical properties, biodegradability and biocompatibility. In view of this, the focus of this thesis was on bio-based VFA production from food waste (FW) and PHA production from municipal organic waste by exploring process optimization and microbial community dynamics of mono and co-cultures as well as mixed microbial cultures (MMCs).

The link between different inocula, retention time and pH on VFA production from FW was elucidated. This part of the study employed three distinct inocula under initial acidic (pH 5) and alkaline (pH 10) conditions for a period of 30 days. 

Waste-derived VFAs were employed for mono and co-culture PHA biosynthesis with bacteria, Cupriavidus necator, Burkholderia cepacia and Bacillus megaterium. The highest PHA yields of 78 ± 5.7% of cell dried weight (CDW) was obtained with C. necator and a PHA yield of 55 ± 3.7% of CDW was achieved with B. cepacia. 

In the next part of the study, activated sludge MMC was enriched over short (3 and 5 days) periods in combination with bioaugmentation of C. necator and B. cepacia in both mono and co-culture modes. While bioaugmentation did not increase the total PHA accumulation capacity, the microbial composition of the different bioreactors was modified. 

This Ph.D. project provided insights on recovery of biobased materials from waste. Manipulation of the microbial communities in the MMCs can be a critical parameter to enhance the overall efficacy as well as to tailor the composition of the end products. 

Abstract [sv]

En växande oro för de negativa miljöeffekterna av fossilbaserade produkter driver strävan efter materialproduktion från hållbara resurser. Resursåtervinning från avfall är en nyckelkomponent för att uppfylla FN:s miljöpolitiska hållbarhetsagendor. Kommunalt organiskt avfall utgör en betydande möjlighet till resursåtervinning på grund av sitt inneboende organiska innehåll. Flyktiga fettsyror (VFA), mellanprodukter från anaerob rötning av avfallsströmmar, kan fungera som byggstenskemikalier med ett brett spektrum av tillämpningar. Samtidigt har mikrobiologiskt framställda biopolymerer som kallas polyhydroxialkanoater (PHA) en enorm potential som ett alternativ till petrokemiskt baserad plast, med tanke på deras jämförbara fysiokemiska egenskaper, biologiska nedbrytbarhet och biokompatibilitet. Mot bakgrund av detta låg fokus för denna avhandling på biobaserad VFA-produktion från matavfall (FW) och PHA-produktion från kommunalt organiskt avfall genom att utforska processoptimering och mikrobiell gemenskapsdynamik hos mono- och samkulturer samt blandade mikrobiella kulturer (MMC).Kopplingen mellan olika inokula, retentionstid och pH på VFA-produktion från FW klargjordes. Denna del av studien använde tre distinkta inokula under initiala sura (pH 5) och alkaliska (pH 10) betingelser under en period av 30 dagar.Avfallshärledda VFAs användes för mono- och samodling av PHA-biosyntes med bakterier, Cupriavidus necator, Burkholderia cepacia och Bacillus megaterium. De högsta PHA-utbytena på 78  5,7 % av celltorkad vikt (CDW) erhölls med C. necator och ett PHA-utbyte på 55  3,7 % av CDW uppnåddes med B. cepacia.I nästa del av studien berikades aktivt slam MMC under korta (3 och 5 dagar) perioder i kombination med bioaugmentation av C. necator och B. cepacia i både mono- och samodling. Även om bioaugmentering inte ökade den totala PHA-ackumuleringskapaciteten, modifierades den mikrobiella sammansättningen av de olika bioreaktorerna.Denna Ph.D. projektet gav insikter om återvinning av biobaserat material från avfall. Manipulering av de mikrobiella samhällena i MMC:erna kan vara en kritisk parameter för att förbättra den totala effektiviteten samt för att skräddarsy sammansättningen av slutprodukterna.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm, Sweden: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2023. , p. 69
Series
TRITA-CBH-FOU ; 2023:43
Keywords [en]
Bioaugmentation, Burkholderia cepacia, Cupriavidus necator, Mixed microbial cultures, Polyhydroxyalkanoates, Volatile fatty acids
Keywords [sv]
Bioaugmentering, Burkholderia cepacia, Cupriavidus necator, Blandade mikrobiella kulturer, Polyhydroxyalkanoater, Flyktiga fettsyror
National Category
Chemical Engineering
Research subject
Chemical Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-336509ISBN: 978-91-8040-697-0 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-336509DiVA, id: diva2:1796359
Public defence
2023-10-03, Kollegiesalen, Brinellvägen 8, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/64776753787, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC 20230912

Available from: 2023-09-12 Created: 2023-09-12 Last updated: 2023-09-19Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Waste to bioplastics: How close are we to sustainable polyhydroxyalkanoates production?
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Waste to bioplastics: How close are we to sustainable polyhydroxyalkanoates production?
2021 (English)In: Journal of Waste Management, ISSN 2356-7724, E-ISSN 2314-6052, Vol. 119, p. 374-388Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Increased awareness of environmental sustainability with associated strict environmental regulations has incentivized the pursuit of novel materials to replace conventional petroleum-derived plastics. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are appealing intracellular biopolymers and have drawn significant attention as a viable alternative to petrochemical based plastics not only due to their comparable physiochemical properties but also, their outstanding characteristics such as biodegradability and biocompatibility. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent developments on the involved PHA producer microorganisms, production process from different waste streams by both pure and mixed microbial cultures (MMCs). Bio-based PHA production, particularly using cheap carbon sources with MMCs, is getting more attention. The main bottlenecks are the low production yield and the inconsistency of the biopolymers. Bioaugmentation and metabolic engineering together with cost effective downstream processing are promising approaches to overcome the hurdles of commercial PHA production from waste streams.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV, 2021
Keywords
PolyhydroxyalkanoatesWaste streamsBioproductionMetabolic engineeringBioaugmentation
National Category
Environmental Management
Research subject
Chemical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-287567 (URN)10.1016/j.wasman.2020.10.008 (DOI)000599766200036 ()33139190 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85094816822 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20201216

Available from: 2020-12-15 Created: 2020-12-15 Last updated: 2025-02-10Bibliographically approved
2. Bioconversion of food waste to volatile fatty acids: impact of microbial community, pH and retention time
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Bioconversion of food waste to volatile fatty acids: impact of microbial community, pH and retention time
Show others...
2021 (English)In: Chemosphere, ISSN 0045-6535, E-ISSN 1879-1298, Vol. 275, article id 129981Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Bio-based production of materials from waste streams is a pivotal aspect in a circular economy. This study aimed to investigate the influence of inoculum (three different sludge taken from anaerobic digestors), pH (5 & 10) and retention time on production of total volatile fatty acids (VFAs), VFA composition as well as the microbial community during anaerobic digestion of food waste. The highest VFA production was ∼22000 ± 1036 mg COD/L and 12927 ± 1029 mg COD/L on day 15 using the inoculum acclimated to food waste at pH 10 and pH 5, respectively. Acetic acid was the dominant VFA in the batch reactors with initial alkaline conditions, whereas both propionic and acetic acids were the dominant products in the acidic condition. Firmicutes, Chloroflexi and Bacteroidetes had the highest relative abundance in the reactors. VFA generation was positively correlated to the relative abundance of Firmicutes.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV, 2021
Keywords
food waste, anaerobic digestion, volatile fatty acids, inoculum, pH
National Category
Other Environmental Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-290369 (URN)10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129981 (DOI)000647817200025 ()33662716 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85101733812 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20250430

Available from: 2021-02-17 Created: 2021-02-17 Last updated: 2025-04-30Bibliographically approved
3. Pure cultures for synthetic culture development: Next level municipal waste treatment for polyhydroxyalkanoates production
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Pure cultures for synthetic culture development: Next level municipal waste treatment for polyhydroxyalkanoates production
2022 (English)In: Journal of Environmental Management, ISSN 0301-4797, E-ISSN 1095-8630, Vol. 305, p. 114337-114337, article id 114337Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), as bio-based plastics, promise a transition from petroleum products to green and sustainable alternatives. However, their commercial production is yet impeded by high production costs. In this study, we assessed synthetic culture in mono and co-culture modes for bacterial PHA production. It was demonstrated that volatile fatty acids (VFAs) derived from food waste and primary sludge are cheap carbon sources for maintaining high production yields in the synthetic cultures. The maximum obtained PHA was 77.54 ± 5.67% of cell dried weight (CDW) (1.723 g/L) from Cupriavidus necator and 54.9 ± 3.66% of CDW (1.088 g/L) from Burkholderia cepacia. The acquired results are comparable to those in literature using sugar substrates. Comparatively, lower PHA productions were obtained from the co-cultivations ranging between 36-45 CDW% (0.39–0.48 g/L). Meanwhile, the 3-hydroxyvalerate content in the biopolymers were increased up to 21%.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV, 2022
National Category
Other Environmental Biotechnology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-306797 (URN)10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114337 (DOI)000741737800004 ()34972045 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85122106177 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20220131

Available from: 2021-12-29 Created: 2021-12-29 Last updated: 2023-09-13Bibliographically approved
4. Can bioaugmentation be a short-cut for efficient polyhydroxyalkanoates production from municipal wastes?
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Can bioaugmentation be a short-cut for efficient polyhydroxyalkanoates production from municipal wastes?
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Research subject
Biotechnology; Chemical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-335805 (URN)
Note

QC 20230908

Available from: 2023-09-08 Created: 2023-09-08 Last updated: 2023-09-13Bibliographically approved

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Khatami Mashhadi, Kasra

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