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Influence of heterogeneity due to toughness variations on weakest-link modeling for brittle failure
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Vehicle Engineering and Solid Mechanics, Solid Mechanics.
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Vehicle Engineering and Solid Mechanics, Solid Mechanics.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2470-7679
2023 (English)In: Engineering Fracture Mechanics, ISSN 0013-7944, E-ISSN 1873-7315, Vol. 292, article id 109643Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The effect of heterogeneous microstructures on the macroscopic probability of failure is studied by use of weakest-link modeling. Heterogeneity is here associated with a local variation of toughness, where a size scale characteristic of this variation defines a length parameter. The ratio between this length parameter and the size of the active fracture process zone, defined as the heterogeneity ratio, is key to evaluating the impact of a heterogeneous microstructure. Two extremes are identified; small-scale heterogeneity (SSH) and large-scale heterogeneity (LSH). For these cases, it is possible to formulate analytical expressions based on the weakest-link concept, and references are made to existing models in the literature. Typically, heterogeneity along the crack front, where gradients of the mechanical fields are small, falls under the category of SSH. On the other hand, the effect of heterogeneity in a plane perpendicular to the crack front depends strongly on the heterogeneity ratio. Cases that can neither be identified with SSH nor LSH must be addressed with care. How this can be done is discussed, and examples are given for four different microstructure configurations of interest. The investigation is carried out by numerical analysis of a modified boundary layer model. The cumulative probability of failure by cleavage fracture is evaluated in a post-processing step, where two different statistical models are examined; the Beremin model and the Kroon–Faleskog model. Both models render the same conclusion about the alteration of the overall failure probability distributions caused by heterogeneity.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV , 2023. Vol. 292, article id 109643
Keywords [en]
Cleavage fracture, Heterogeneous materials, Probabilistic modeling, Welds
National Category
Applied Mechanics Water Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-338354DOI: 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2023.109643ISI: 001086633500001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85173066265OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-338354DiVA, id: diva2:1806266
Note

QC 20231020

Available from: 2023-10-20 Created: 2023-10-20 Last updated: 2025-05-23Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Brittle Fracture in Heterogeneous Materials — Theory, Experiments, and Numerical Modelling
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Brittle Fracture in Heterogeneous Materials — Theory, Experiments, and Numerical Modelling
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Brittle fracture in the ductile-to-brittle transition regime raises complex issues for structural integrity assessments, particularly when fracture toughness is influenced by heterogeneity. This thesis investigates brittle failure through theoretical, numerical, experimental, and probabilistic approaches, focusing on understanding and modelling fracture behaviour in multipass welds. A probabilistic framework is developed to evaluate how spatial heterogeneity affects failure probability curves obtained from fracture toughness testing. The distinction between small-scale and large-scale heterogeneity is formalised based on the relative size of the heterogeneity compared to the fracture process zone. Numerical simulations show how heterogeneity shapes failure probability curves, and scaling methods are introduced to relate results from miniature specimens to full-scale conditions. Experimental work includes fracture toughness testing and fractography of agedand unaged weld metals. Thermal ageing introduces heterogeneity in toughness through zone-specific embrittlement caused by phosphorus segregation. The role of grain orientation in brittle failure is investigated, and limitations of standard testing methods under heterogeneous conditions are addressed. The developed methods form a foundation for fracture assessment instructurally heterogeneous materials and support more reliable interpretation of fracture toughness data in safety-critical applications.

Abstract [sv]

Sprödbrott i transitionsområdet komplicerar bedömningen av strukturell integritet, särskilt när brottsegheten påverkas av materialets heterogenitet. Denna avhandling undersöker spröda brott med teoretiska, numeriska, experimentella och probabilistiska angreppssätt, med fokus på att förstå och modellera brottbeteende i flerpassagesvetsar. Ett probabilistiskt ramverk har tagits fram för att utvärdera hur rumslig heterogenitet påverkar brottsannolikhetskurvor erhållna från brottseghetsprovning. En uppdelning i småskale- och storskaleheterogenitet definieras från den relativa storleken på heterogeniteten jämfört med brottprocesszonen. Numeriska simuleringar visar hur heterogenitet påverkar brottsannolikhetskurvor, och skalningsmetoder tas fram för att relatera resultat från miniatyrprovstavar till fullskaliga förhållanden. Det experimentella arbetet inkluderar brottseghetsprovning och fraktografi avåldrade och oåldrade svetsmetaller. Termisk åldring har visat sig introduceraheterogenitet hos segheten genom zonspecifik försprödning orsakad avfosforsegregering. Kornorienteringens roll vid sprödbrott undersöks och begränsningar av standardtestmetoder under heterogena förhållanden tas upp. De framtagna metoderna bildar en grund för bedömning av brott i strukturellt heterogena material och leder därmed till en mer tillförlitlig tolkning av brottseghetsdata i säkerhetskritiska tillämpningar.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2025. p. 141
Series
TRITA-SCI-FOU ; 2025:25
Keywords
Brittle Failure, Intergranular, Transgranular, Heterogeneity, Welds, Sprödbrott, Intergranulär, Transgranulär, Heterogenitet, Svetsar
National Category
Solid and Structural Mechanics
Research subject
Solid Mechanics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-363896 (URN)978-91-8106-277-9 (ISBN)
Public defence
2025-06-13, F3, Lindstedtvägen 26, Stockholm, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Swedish Radiation Safety Authority
Note

QC250523

Available from: 2025-05-23 Created: 2025-05-23 Last updated: 2025-05-23Bibliographically approved

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Klein, Daniela V.Faleskog, Jonas

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