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Incremental (1 − ε)-Approximate Dynamic Matching in O(poly(1/ε)) Update Time
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Computer Science, Theoretical Computer Science, TCS.ORCID iD: 0009-0004-0874-2356
Max-Planck-Institut für Informatik, Saarbrücken, Germany; University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
2023 (English)In: 31st Annual European Symposium on Algorithms, ESA 2023, Schloss Dagstuhl- Leibniz-Zentrum fur Informatik GmbH, Dagstuhl Publishing , 2023, article id 22Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

In the dynamic approximate maximum bipartite matching problem we are given bipartite graph G undergoing updates and our goal is to maintain a matching of G which is large compared the maximum matching size µ(G). We define a dynamic matching algorithm to be α (respectively (α, β))-approximate if it maintains matching M such that at all times |M| ≥ µ(G) · α (respectively |M| ≥ µ(G) · α − β). We present the first deterministic (1 − ε)-approximate dynamic matching algorithm with O(poly(ε−1)) amortized update time for graphs undergoing edge insertions. Previous solutions either required super-constant [Gupta FSTTCS’14, Bhattacharya-Kiss-Saranurak SODA’23] or exponential in 1/ε [Grandoni-Leonardi-Sankowski-Schwiegelshohn-Solomon SODA’19] update time. Our implementation is arguably simpler than the mentioned algorithms and its description is self contained. Moreover, we show that if we allow for additive (1, ε · n)-approximation our algorithm seamlessly extends to also handle vertex deletions, on top of edge insertions. This makes our algorithm one of the few small update time algorithms for (1 − ε)-approximate dynamic matching allowing for updates both increasing and decreasing the maximum matching size of G in a fully dynamic manner. Our algorithm relies on the weighted variant of the celebrated Edge-Degree-Constrained-Subgraph (EDCS) datastructure introduced by [Bernstein-Stein ICALP’15]. As far as we are aware we introduce the first application of the weighted-EDCS for arbitrarily dense graphs. We also present a significantly simplified proof for the approximation ratio of weighed-EDCS as a matching sparsifier compared to [Bernstein-Stein], as well as simple descriptions of a fractional matching and fractional vertex cover defined on top of the EDCS. Considering the wide range of applications EDCS has found in settings such as streaming, sub-linear, stochastic and more we hope our techniques will be of independent research interest outside of the dynamic setting.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Schloss Dagstuhl- Leibniz-Zentrum fur Informatik GmbH, Dagstuhl Publishing , 2023. article id 22
Keywords [en]
Approximation Algorithms, Bipartite Matching, Dynamic Algorithms, EDCS, Incremental Matching
National Category
Computer Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-338377DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2023.22Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85173538737OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-338377DiVA, id: diva2:1806565
Conference
31st Annual European Symposium on Algorithms, ESA 2023, Amsterdam, Netherlands, Kingdom of the, Sep 4 2023 - Sep 6 2023
Note

Part of proceedings ISBN 9783959772952

QC 20231023

Available from: 2023-10-23 Created: 2023-10-23 Last updated: 2024-11-03Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Matchings, Maxflows, Matroids: The Power of Augmenting Paths and Computational Models
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Matchings, Maxflows, Matroids: The Power of Augmenting Paths and Computational Models
2024 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Matchings, Maximum Flow, and Matroid Intersections are fundamental combinatorial optimization problems that have been studied extensively since the inception of computer science. A series of breakthroughs in graph algorithms and continuous optimization in the past decade has led to exciting almost-optimal algorithms for maximum flow and bipartite matching. However, we are still far from fully understanding these problems. First, it remains open how to solve these problems in modern models of computation, such as parallel, dynamic, online, and communication models. Second, as algorithms become more sophisticated in pursuit of efficiency, they often sacrifice simplicity, potentially obscuring valuable combinatorial insights. This raises a fundamental question: can we develop efficient algorithms that maintain the combinatorial nature of these problems, rather than relying on linear algebra and continuous methods?

This thesis returns to the classic augmenting paths framework---the original approach to matchings, maximum flow, and matroid intersection---with the goal of developing new efficient combinatorial algorithms. Our key contributions include the first combinatorial algorithm achieving almost-linear time for maximum flow on dense graphs, and the first subquadratic independence-query algorithm for matroid intersection. For modern computational models, our contributions include an improved online rounding scheme for fractional matching (leading to an optimal online edge coloring algorithm), a resolution of the query and communication complexity for bipartite matching, and the first sublinear-round parallel algorithms for matroid intersection.

Abstract [sv]

Matchningar, Maximala Flöden och Matroidsnitt är grundläggande kombinatoriska optimeringsproblem som har studerats ingående sedan datorvetenskapens början.  En serie genombrott inom grafalgoritmik och kontinuerlig optimering under det senaste årentiondet har lett till imponerande nästan optimala algoritmer för maximalt flöde och bipartit matchning. Vi är dock fortfarande långt ifrån att fullt förstå dessa problem. För det första återstår frågan om hur man kan lösa dessa problem i andra beräkningsmodeller, såsom parallell-, dynamisk-, online- och kommunikationsmodeller. För det andra, när algoritmer blir allt mer sofistikerade i deras effektivitetsträvan, offrar de ofta enkelhet, vilket potentiellt kan dölja värdefulla kombinatoriska insikter. Detta motiverar en grundläggande fråga: kan vi utveckla effektiva algoritmer som bevarar den kombinatoriska karaktären hos dessa problem, istället för att förlita sig på linjär algebra och kontinuerliga metoder?

Denna avhandling återgår till de klassiska augmenting-pathsalgoritmerna---det ursprungliga angreppssättet för matchningar, maximalt flöde och matroid-snitt---med målet att utveckla nya effektiva kombinatoriska algoritmer. Våra viktigaste bidrag inkluderar den första kombinatoriska algoritmen som uppnår nästan linjär tid för maximalt flöde på täta grafer, och den första subkvadratiska independence-query-algoritmen för matroidsnitt. För moderna beräkningsmodeller inkluderar våra bidrag förbättrade  onlineavrundningsalgorithmer för fraktionell matchning (vilket leder till en optimal onlinealgoritm för kantfärgning), en lösning av query- och kommunikationskomplexiteten för bipartit matchning, och de första sublinjära parallella algoritmerna för matroidsnitt.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2024. p. x, 67
Series
TRITA-EECS-AVL ; 2024:84
National Category
Computer Sciences
Research subject
Computer Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-355377 (URN)978-91-8106-091-1 (ISBN)
Public defence
2024-11-27, F3, Lindstedtsvägen 26 & 28, KTH, Stockholm, 14:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC 20241105

Available from: 2024-11-05 Created: 2024-11-03 Last updated: 2024-11-18Bibliographically approved

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