For the disposal of high-level radioactive waste (HLW), the deep geological disposal is recognized as an effective method. The distribution coefficient (Kd) of radionuclides on buffer/backfill materials or host rock is one of the key parameters used in the safety assessment of geological repository. 137Cs is one of the high-yield (t1/2 = 30.1 y, 6%) fission products in spent fuels, its high solubility makes it likely to migrate through groundwater to the biosphere. Multibarrier system prevents leakage of radionuclides to the environment. The present review discusses the general mechanisms of cesium adsorption by minerals, elaborates the parameters which influence adsorption of cesium contain concentration of cesium, pH, humic acid, competitive cations and properties of minerals. Furthermore, we have collected the Kd values from cesium adsorption studies concerned with the minerals conducted during the past two decades, and analyzed by the probabilistic modelling to obtain the best-estimated Kd values of Cs adsorption on bentonite, granite and clay under different solution conditions.