Purpose

Electrification of road freight transport is a promising solution to achieve transportation climate goals. This study aims to provide a system-level understanding of the impacts of electrification on the road freight transport system and to develop a model that describes the system and enables the analysis of the interrelationships between system variables

Methodology

Using a system dynamics approach, a causal loop diagram (CLD) model is developed. The model structure is based on the three-layer model proposed by Wandel et al. (1992) and developed by Browne et al. (2022). A mixed methods approach is employed, including group model building, an impact analysis workshop, and literature analysis.

Findings

The study presents a conceptual multi-layer model that illustrates the complex causal relationships between variables in different layers of the freight transport system. Moreover, two example CLD models are provided: one exploring the factors that affect the attractiveness of electric trucks and another illustrating the trade-off between battery size and charging infrastructure.

Research limitations 

The study's main limitation is the challenge of recognizing all variables and their interconnections in such a complex system. Rather than providing an accurate picture of the system, the study aims to demonstrate the system's complexity and highlight some important dynamics.

Original/value

The study's system dynamics models aim to provide decision-makers with a comprehensive understanding of the system, enabling them to make better-informed decisions that consider the impact of their policies on the system as a whole.