kth.sePublications
Change search
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
When Does Community Participation in Decision-Making Improve Outcomes? Evidence from a Field Experiment in Bangladesh.
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Water and Environmental Engineering. (KTH- International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group, Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden)ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8844-5001
Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, New York, United States.
(Beijer Institute for Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Sweden)
2023 (English)In: Article in journal (Other academic) Accepted
Abstract [en]

Development practitioners have long advocated for targeted beneficiary communities to participate in decision-making about how to provide local public goods and services. However, community participation in decision-making may have disadvantages as well as benefits, and the balance between the benefits and disadvantages may vary across different decision- making processes, interventions, and contexts. Previous studies of community participation in decision-making indeed report mixed results, but the underlying reasons for this remain uncertain. This study demonstrates that context matters. We investigate the heterogeneity of impacts in a field experiment conducted in two regions of rural Bangladesh. The experiment randomly assigns different decision-making processes to villages that receive otherwise identical interventions in the form of a program to increase access to safe drinking water. We show that a deliberative, consensus-based approach to community participation in decision- making has strongly heterogeneous effects compared to either a top-down approach or community decision-making without rules about how decisions are made. The consensus- based process doubles the program's impact in one region but barely increases it in the other. We  use  machine learning to  identify the  baseline  characteristics  and mechanisms that correlate most strongly with impact. The results suggest that the consensus-based process yields better outcomes when there is more at stake: specifically, when the community has fewer pre-existing safe sources of drinking water and thus more to gain from the intervention. The results are consistent with the view that inclusive participatory approaches to decision- making can increase program impacts but fully engaging in these processes is costly. When less  is  at  stake,  communities  may  not  fully  engage, and  the  advantages  of  inclusive participatory decision-making may not be realized.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Japan: Asian Development Bank Institute , 2023.
Keywords [en]
community participation, consensus-based approach, public goods and services, heterogeneity of impacts
National Category
Economics and Business
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-340565DOI: 10.56506/feqw6636OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-340565DiVA, id: diva2:1818158
Note

QC 20231211

Available from: 2023-12-08 Created: 2023-12-08 Last updated: 2023-12-11Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Increasing the impact and sustainability of safe drinking water supply systems in rural Bangladesh: Randomized experiments with interventions in project life cycle
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Increasing the impact and sustainability of safe drinking water supply systems in rural Bangladesh: Randomized experiments with interventions in project life cycle
2023 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [sv]

Tillgång till rent dricksvatten är en global utmaning, vilket återspeglas i hållbar utvecklingsmål 6. I Bangladesh är det en brådskande fråga att överbrygga klyftan mellan de som har säkert hanterat dricksvatten och de med förbättrade källor. Denna studie uppskattar orsakssamband mellan ingrepp i projektets livscykel och deras inverkan på hållbar tillgång till rent dricksvatten på landsbygden.  En  serie  randomiserade  kontrollförsök  (RCT)  genomfördes  i  olika  regioner  i Bangladesh  under  15  år  av  rörbrunnskonstruktionsprogram  för  att  tillhandahålla  arsenikfritt dricksvatten.  RCT:erna  utvärderade  förändringar  av  beslutsprocesser,  bidragskrav  och underhållspraxis. Gemenskapens deltagande i beslutsprocesser kan öka effekten och hållbarheten hos program för säkert dricksvatten. Att kräva att samhällen bidrar ekonomiskt eller genom arbetskraft ökar inte nödvändigtvis programmets genomslagskraft, och det kan leda till minskat utnyttjande och minskad kostnadseffektivitet, även om det kan öka hållbarheten. Gemenskapens vattenkällor är mindre effektiva än förväntat på grund av föroreningar som införts under kollektiv användning och problem som rör transport och lagring: de bidrar till att minska exponeringen för arsenik men tar inte upp avföringskontamination effektivt. Desinficering av brunnar med en svag klorlösning  minskade  fekal  kontaminering.  Vaktmästares  standardrengöringsmetoder  följer  i allmänhet inte bästa praxis och kan försämra vattenkvaliteten. Utbildning av vaktmästare i bästa praxis visade sig dock vara mycket effektiv för att minska. Escherichia coli-kontamination, vilket avsevärt  förbättrar vattenkvaliteten.  Trots  vissa  brister  i  vaktmästarens  återkallande  och efterlevnad,  belyser  dessa  resultat  den  avgörande  roll  som  korrekta  rengörings- och underhållsmetoder spelar för att minska exponeringen för fekal kontaminering på landsbygden i Bangladesh, för att säkerställa tillgång till rent dricksvatten. Studien belyser kraften hos RCT:er för att ta itu med komplexa orsaksfrågor relaterade till säker tillgång till dricksvatten. Även om värdefulla insikter har uppnåtts, understryker studien att många obesvarade frågor kvarstår, vilket understryker det pågående behovet av forskning inom detta kritiska område. Sammanfattningsvis ger denna studie viktiga bevis om hur man kan förbättra projektdesign och därmed öka tillgången till säkert dricksvatten på landsbygden i Bangladesh.

Abstract [en]

Access to safe drinking water is a global challenge, as reflected in Sustainable Development Goal 6. In Bangladesh, bridging the gap between those with safely managed drinking water and those with improved sources is a pressing issue. This study estimates causal relationships between interventions in the project life cycle and their impact on sustainable access to safe drinking water in rural areas. A series of Randomized Control Trials (RCTs) were conducted across different regions of Bangladesh over 15 years of tubewell construction programs to provide  arsenic  free  safe  drinking  water.  The  RCTs  evaluated  changes  to decision-making  processes,  contribution  requirements,  and  maintenance practices. Community participation in decision-making processes can enhance the  impact  and  sustainability  of  safe  drinking  water  programs.  Requiring communities to contribute financially or through labour does not necessarily increase program impact, and it can lead to reduced take-up, and decreased cost- effectiveness though it may increase sustainability. Community water sources are less effective than expected due to contamination introduced during collective use and issues related to transport and storage: they help to mitigate arsenic exposure  but do not effectively  address faecal  contamination. Disinfecting tubewells  with  a  weak  chlorine  solution  reduced  faecal  contamination. Caretakers standard cleaning practices do not generally adhere to best practices and may worsen water quality. However, training caretakers in best practices proved highly effective in reducing Escherichia coli contamination, significantly improving water quality. Despite some imperfections in caretakers' recall and compliance, these results highlight the crucial role of proper cleaning and maintenance practices in reducing exposure to faecal contamination in rural Bangladesh, ensuring access to safe drinking water. The study highlights the power of RCTs in addressing complex causal questions related to safe drinking water access. While valuable insights have been gained, the study emphasizes that numerous unanswered questions remain, underscoring the ongoing need for research in this critical field. In summary, this study provides important evidence about how to improve project design and thereby increase access to safe drinking water in rural Bangladesh.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm, Sweden: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2023. p. 63
Series
TRITA-ABE-DLT ; 2353
Keywords
Randomized Experiment, Safe Drinking Water, Participation, Decision-Making, Contribution Requirements, Cost-effectiveness, Faecal Coliform, Arsenic, Tubewell, Cleaning, Maintenance, Impact, Sustainability, Bangladesh, Randomiserat Experiment, Säkert Dricksvatten, Deltagande, Beslutsfattande, Bidragskrav, Kostnadseffektivitet, Fekal Koliform, Arsenik, Tubewell, Rengöring, Underhåll, Påverkan, Hållbarhet, Bangladesh
National Category
Environmental Engineering Economics
Research subject
Land and Water Resources Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-340635 (URN)978-91-8040-784-7 (ISBN)
Public defence
2024-01-19, Sahara, Teknikringen 10B, KTH Campus, video conference link https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/65300584434, Stockholm, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Swedish Research Council Formas, 2018-01107
Note

QC 20231211

Available from: 2023-12-11 Created: 2023-12-08 Last updated: 2023-12-18Bibliographically approved

Open Access in DiVA

attachment(921 kB)35 downloads
File information
File name ATTACHMENT01.pdfFile size 921 kBChecksum SHA-512
4e1b40f4d4bf62a113f9f23dfb6edc0c0b78ce1221286d9434ced3fb300cf6cddc44e1f92fe578116e05feb50ab848ad6405f96426d1d09161a4626869a44255
Type attachmentMimetype application/pdf

Other links

Publisher's full text

Authority records

Habib, Md Ahasan

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Habib, Md Ahasan
By organisation
Water and Environmental Engineering
Economics and Business

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar
The number of downloads is the sum of all downloads of full texts. It may include eg previous versions that are now no longer available

doi
urn-nbn

Altmetric score

doi
urn-nbn
Total: 61 hits
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf