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Frequency Stabilization in low Inertia Systems With Battery Power Injections
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS).
2023 (English)Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
Abstract [en]

The challenges for the power system of the future becomes increasingly larger when large amountsof renewable energy sources are integrated, and when conventional forms of power such asnuclear power are phased out. This results in a greater difficulty in quickly deploying FrequencyContainment Reserves in the event of of power balance disturbance, to stabilize frequency andvoltage. The reason is the proportion of total kinetic energy in the rotating mass of the turbinedecreases, resulting in a reduction in the system's inertia. The renewable energy sources are oftenconnected to the system with power electronics, which is also the case for more loads.They do not contribute to the system's inertia or oscillation damping. The aim of the project is tostudy effects of this transition, with focus on frequency and inertia, with varying proportions ofwind power gradually replacing nuclear power plants. The simulation tool Simpow is used for thispurpose with a given model of a power system "Nordic test System". The results show that themaximum frequency deviations increase with decreasing inertia, both for frequency-dependentand frequency-independent loads, but they are greater for the latter. Simulations were also doneafter implementing Fast Frequency Response with battery in the model, to attempt to suppressfrequency deviations after a disturbance. This was successful, but it requires both a higher powercapacity for the battery and more energy depending on the degree of inertia reduction. For caseswith frequency-independent loads, these values were higher.

Abstract [sv]

Utmaningarna för framtidens kraftsystem blir allt större när stora mängder förnybara energikällorintegreras och när konventionella kraftslag såsom kärnkraft avvecklas. Följden blir en allt störresvårighet att tillräckligt snabbt kunna sätta in frekvenshållningsreserver i händelse aveffektbalansstörning, för att stabilisera frekvens och spänning. Orsaken är att andelen totalkinetisk energi i turbinernas svängmassor minskar och därmed även systemets tröghet. De nyaenergikällorna är ofta anslutna till systemet med kraftelektronik, liksom även fler laster. Detta göratt de varken bidrar till systemets tröghet eller oscillationsdämpning. Syftet med projektet är attundersöka effekterna av denna omställning, med fokus på frekvens och tröghet. Detta vid olikaproportioner av vindkraft som successivt ersätter kärnkraftverk. Simulerings verktyget Simpowanvänds för ändamålet med en given modell av ett kraftnät "Nordic test System". Resultaten visaratt de maximala frekvensavvikelserna ökar med minskad tröghet, både för frekvensberoende ochfrekvensoberoende laster, men att de är större i den sistnämnda. Simulering görs även efter attsnabbt frekvenssvar med batteri implementeras i modellen, för att försöka undertryckafrekvensavvikelserna efter en störning. Detta lyckades, men det krävs både större effekt förbatteriet, samt mer energi beroende på grad av tröghetsminskning. För fallen medfrekvensoberoende laster är dessa värden högre.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2023. , p. 217-226
Series
TRITA-EECS-EX ; 2023:153
National Category
Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-341496OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-341496DiVA, id: diva2:1821979
Supervisors
Examiners
Projects
Kandidatexjobb i elektroteknik 2023, KTH, StockholmAvailable from: 2023-12-21 Created: 2023-12-21

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