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Transcriptional basis of Huntington’s Disease: Gene expression analysis indicate increased immune responses in the brain and mitochondrial dysfunction in adipose tissues of HD model mouse
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science.
2023 (English)Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesisAlternative title
Transkriptionell grund för Huntingtons sjukdom: Genuttrycksanalys indikerar ökade immunförsvar i hjärnan och mitokondriell dysfunktion i fettvävnader hos HD-modellmus (Swedish)
Abstract [sv]

Huntingtons sjukdom (HD) är ett neurodegenerativt tillstånd som orsakas av mutationer i huntingtin gen (Htt), och resulterar till upprepade glutamin (polyQ) i Htt-proteinet. Muterad Htt kan inte vika sig ordentligt och börjar därför aggregera i celler. I detta projekt undersöktes molekylära mekanismerna bakom HD genom att analysera genuttryck hos musvävnader och jämföra detta med biomarkörer identifierats hos HD-patienter. För närvarande finns det ingen behandling för att stoppa utveckling av HD. Därför behövs det mer kunskap om sjukdomen. Projektets mål var att öka vår förståelse på regulatoriska mekanismer som ligger bakom den neurodegenerativa sjukdomen och identifiera potentiella diagnostiska biomarkörer. För denna studie användes mRNA-seq-data från 11 distinkta vävnader från Q175 HD-möss. Vävnader som analyserades inkluderar hjärnstammen, cerebellum, corpus callosum, hippocampus och thalamus/hypothalamus, fettvävnader (brun, vit nära gonad och vit nära tarm) och andra vävnader så som hjärta, hud och gastrocnemius muskel. Efter en grundlig genomgång av HD-litteraturen valdes biomarkörer som sedan undersöktes för mRNA-uttryck hos Q175-möss via Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Genuttrycksförändringar hos HD-möss visade sig vara vävnadsspecifika, med betydande effekter på hud och fettvävnader, men mindre effekter hos hjärnvävnader. Även om gemensamma mRNA-förändringar inte hittas bland de olika vävnader, uppvisade relaterade vävnader förändringar i samma pathways. Immunsvar och ribosomal dysfunktion var utbredd, men varje hjärnregion visade unika förändringar relaterade till sömn, synaptisk signalering och energiprocesser. Muskel- och fettvävnader uppvisar också distinkta mönstrar. Detta understryker vikten av vävnadsspecifik biomarkörforskning för neurodegenerativa sjukdomar.

Abstract [en]

Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative condition caused by a mutation in the Huntingtin (Htt) gene which results in glutamine repeats (polyQ) and a longer Htt-protein. The mutated Htt-protein cannot fold properly and thus, is prone to aggregate in cells. There is currently no treatment available to stop the progression of HD. Therefore, there is a need for more knowledge regarding the disease. This project investigates the molecular mechanisms underlying HD by analysing gene expression program in wild type (Wt) and HD mice. The objective is to investigate changes in gene regulatory mechanisms underlying the neurodegenerative disease and identify potential diagnostic markers. For this study, mRNA-seq data from 11 distinct tissues from Q175 HD model mouse were analysed. These tissues included brainstem, cerebellum, corpus callosum, hippocampus, and thalamus/hypothalamus, adipose tissues (brown, white near gonad and white near intestine), heart, skin and gastrocnemius muscle. Following a thorough literature review, biomarkers of HD were chosen, and their expression investigated in the HD mouse using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Gene expression changes in HD mouse were specific to different tissues, with significant changes identified in skin and adipose tissues, while smaller changes were detected in the brain tissues. While common changes across the 11 tissues were not found, related tissues exhibited alterations in the same pathways. Changes in immune response and ribosomal dysfunction were widespread across tissues. Moreover, each brain region showed unique changes related to sleep, synaptic signalling, and energy processes. Muscle and adipose tissues displayed distinctive patterns. These results underscore the importance of tissue-specific biomarker research for neurodegenerative diseases.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2023.
Series
TRITA-CBH-GRU ; 2023:291
Keywords [en]
Huntington’s Disease, mRNA-seq, tissue specific gene expression, cerebrospinal fluid, biomarker
Keywords [sv]
Huntingtons sjukdom, mRNA-seq, vävnadsspecifik genexpression, cerebrospinalvätska, biomarkör
National Category
Medical Biotechnology (with a focus on Cell Biology (including Stem Cell Biology), Molecular Biology, Microbiology, Biochemistry or Biopharmacy)
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-341730OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-341730DiVA, id: diva2:1823408
Subject / course
Biotechnology
Educational program
Master of Science - Medical Biotechnology
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2024-01-02 Created: 2024-01-02 Last updated: 2024-01-02Bibliographically approved

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