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Surrogate-assisted investigation on influence of epistemic uncertainties on running safety of high-speed trains on bridges
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8453-8937
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8926-2140
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5447-2068
2024 (English)In: Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics, ISSN 0266-8920, E-ISSN 1878-4275, Vol. 75, article id 103559Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The operational safety of high-speed trains traversing ballasted bridges is contingent upon the prevention of the ballast destabilization, which can interrupt load transfer from the rail to the bridge. Current design regulations indirectly address this limit-state by specifying a threshold value for the vertical acceleration of the superstructure. This value represents the condition at which the inertial forces induced by train passage exceed the resistive forces. However, this approach is based on limited experimental data and the influence of numerous parameters remains unexplored. As a result, reliability analyses pertaining to running safety are hampered by a lack of knowledge, leading to greater epistemic uncertainties. In this study, the impact of such uncertainties on this dynamic system is investigated using surrogate-based Imprecise Structural Reliability Analysis (ISRA). For this purpose, parametric probability boxes are used to represent lower and upper bounds of the cumulative distribution function for basic random variables with epistemic uncertainties and surrogate models are adaptively trained to reduce computational costs. The obtained results show that neglecting the influence of epistemic uncertainties can lead to permissible operating train speed higher than the speed corresponding to the desired reliability level. In this study, an overestimation of about 13% was observed on average. Furthermore, the rough analyses carried out show that taking epistemic uncertainties into account can lead to a reduction of the system characteristic safety factor by up to 30%. This significant reduction underlines the importance of expanding the available knowledge on the phenomenon of ballast instability.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV , 2024. Vol. 75, article id 103559
Keywords [en]
Aleatory uncertainty, Epistemic uncertainty, High-speed railway bridges, Imprecise Structural Reliability Analysis, Kriging, Probability-box, Running safety, Surrogate models
National Category
Infrastructure Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-341453DOI: 10.1016/j.probengmech.2023.103559ISI: 001126380100001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85178381569OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-341453DiVA, id: diva2:1824904
Note

QC 20240108

Available from: 2024-01-08 Created: 2024-01-08 Last updated: 2024-03-21Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Improving the Dynamic Design Philosophy of High-Speed Railway Bridges Using Reliability-Based Methods
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Improving the Dynamic Design Philosophy of High-Speed Railway Bridges Using Reliability-Based Methods
2024 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Modern railway infrastructures, especially bridges, are exposed to significant vibrations with potential safety implications. In this context, previous studies have shown the inconsistency and inadequacy of some conventional design methods necessitaing them to be improved. The assessment of safety inherently deals with uncertainties. Therefore, the current study is dedicated to this objective using reliability-based methods. Of the various possible failure modes, the investigations presented here are limited to running safety and passenger comfort. The investigation of these limit-states requires constructing complex computational models with train-track-bridge interaction capabilities. However, the application of these computationally intensive models in the context of structural reliability does not appear to be feasible. Simplifying the system, the vertical acceleration and the deflection of the bridge serve as implicit limit-state measures. Initially, using First Order Reliability Method (FORM) revealed limitations in the application of the current safety factor, resulting in inconsistent reliability indices. Therefore, probabilistic design curves are proposed, defining minimum required bridge mass and stiffness based on cross-section types, span configurations and train speeds. These results are obtained by formulating a FORM-based optimization. Subsequently, the results are used to investigate the sensitivity of the estimated failure probabilities with respect to the contributing basic random variables. Acknowledging the limitations of FORM, surrogate-assisted simulation-based reliability assessments were used for further investigations. A comparison of the performance of widely used regression-based surrogate models under an identical active learning scheme showed the superior performance of the Kriging method over the others. Within areliability-based design optimization framework, this Kriging model facilitates the generation of new probabilistic design curves. This is achieved by reformulating the conventional method to account for the dependency between design variables using the copula concept. In addition, the surrogate model aided in calibrating the safety factor associated with the vertical acceleration threshold, leading to a proposal of 1.38 as a new safety factor. Subsequently, the influence of soil-structure interaction on the estimated reliability indices is evaluated using an ensemble of classification-based surrogate models. Results highlighted its beneficial contribution in terms of increased damping for shorter spans, countered by adverse effects due to frequency shortening in longer bridges. Finally, the epistemic uncertainties arising from the limited knowledge of the vertical acceleration threshold are investigated. It is found that neglecting these uncertainties can lead to an overestimation of allowable train speeds by about 13%.

Abstract [sv]

Moderna järnvägsbroar utsätts för betydande säkerhetsrelaterade vibrationer. Tidigare studier har visat att vissa konventionella dimensioneringsmetoder är inkonsekventa och otillräckliga, vilket kräver förbättringar. Säkerhetsbedömning handlar i grunden om osäkerheter. Därför ägnas den föreliggande studien åt detta mål med hjälp av tillförlitlighetsbaserade metoder. Undersökningarna här begränsas till trafiksäkerhet och passagerarkomfort som möjliga dimensioneringsvillkor. Undersökningen av dessa gränstillstånd kräver komplexa beräkningsmodeller som beaktar tåg-spår-bro-interaktion. Att använda beräkningsintensiva modeller för strukturell tillförlitlighet verkar inte genomförbart. Genom förenklingar av systemet kan vertikal acceleration och nedböjning ansättas som mått för implicita gränsvillkor. Inledningsvis visade användningen av första ordningens tillförlitlighetsmetod (FORM) begränsningar i tillämpningen av nuvarande säkerhetsfaktor, vilken resulterade i inkonsekventa säkerheter. För att adressera detta föreslås probabilistiska dimensioneringskurvor, som definierar minsta erforderliga bromassa och styvhet baserat på tvärsnittstyper, spannkonfigurationer och tåghastigheter. Dessa resultat erhålls genom att formulera en FORM-baserad optimering. Därefter används resultaten för att undersöka känsligheten hos de uppskattade brottsannolikheterna med avseende på de ingående grundläggande stokastiska variablerna. Med tanke på begränsningarna med FORM användes simulering-baserade tillförlitlighetsbedömningar med hjälp av surrogatmodeller för fortsatta undersökningar. I en jämförelse av kända regressionsbaserade surrogatmodeller, under identiska inlärningsförutsättningar, visade Kriging-metoden överlägsen effektivitet. Inom ramen för en tillförlitlighetsbaserad optimering underlättar denna Kriging-modell framtagningen av nya probabilistiska designkurvor. Detta uppnås genom en ny formulering av metoden där korrelationen mellan de stokastiska variablerna beaktas med hjälp av Copula-funktioner. Dessutom användes surrogatmodellen till att kalibrera säkerhetsfaktorn som är associerad med gränsvärdet för vertikal acceleration, vilket ledde till ett förslag på 1,38 som ett nytt värde för säkerhetsfaktorn. Därefter utvärderas påverkan av jord-strukturinteraktion på uppskattad säkerhet med hjälp av en samling av klassificeringsbaserade surrogatmodeller. Resultaten visar interaktionens bidrag i form av ökad dämpning för kortare spann, motverkad av negativa effekter på grund av frekvensförkortning hos längre broar. Slutligen utforskas de epistemiska osäkerheterna behäftade med den begränsade kunskapen om gränsvärdet för vertikal acceleration. Det konstateras att försummelse av dessa osäkerheter kan leda till en överskattning av tillåtna tåghastigheter med cirka 13%.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2024. p. 93
Series
TRITA-ABE-DLT ; 246
Keywords
High-speed railway bridges, Bridge dynamics, Running safety, Passenger comfort, Structural reliability, Surrogate models, Active learning, Reliability-based design optimization, Partial safety calibration, Epistemic uncertainties, Höghastighetsjärnvägsbroar, Brodynamik, Trafiksäkerhet, Passagerarkomfort, Konstruktioners tillförlitlighet, Surrogatmodeller, Aktivt lärande, Tillförlitlighetsbaserad optimering, Kalibrering av partialkoefficienter, Epistemiska osäkerheter
National Category
Civil Engineering Infrastructure Engineering Mechanical Engineering
Research subject
Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-344610 (URN)978-91-8040-880-6 (ISBN)
Public defence
2024-04-26, Kollegiesalen, Brinellvägen 8, KTH Campus, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/67332931197, Stockholm, 13:00 (English)
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IN2TRACK2IN2TRACK3IAM4RAIL
Note

QC 240325

Available from: 2024-03-25 Created: 2024-03-21 Last updated: 2024-04-03Bibliographically approved

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Allahvirdizadeh, RezaAndersson, AndreasKaroumi, Raid

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