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Layer-Resolved Mechanical Degradation of a Ni-Rich Positive Electrode
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Vehicle Engineering and Solid Mechanics, Solid Mechanics.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8617-9280
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering, Applied Electrochemistry.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1733-4248
Scania CV AB, Granparksvägen 10, Södertälje, SE-151 48, Sweden.
Scania CV AB, Granparksvägen 10, Södertälje, SE-151 48, Sweden.
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2023 (English)In: Batteries, E-ISSN 2313-0105, Vol. 9, no 12, p. 575-, article id 575Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The effects of electrochemical aging on the mechanical properties of electrodes in lithium-ion batteries are challenging to measure and are largely unknown. Mechanochemical degradation processes occur at different scales within an electrode and understanding the correlation between the degradation of mechanical properties, electrochemical aging, and morphological changes is crucial for mitigating battery performance degradation. This paper explores the evolution of mechanical and electrochemical properties at the layer level in a Ni-rich positive electrode during the initial stages of electrochemical cycling. The investigation involves complementary cross-section analyses aimed at unraveling the connection between observed changes on both macroscopic and microscopic scales. The macroscopic constitutive properties were assessed using a U-shaped bending test method that had been previously developed. The compressive modulus exhibited substantial dependency on both the porous structure and binder properties. It experienced a notable reduction with electrolyte wetting but demonstrated an increase with cycling and aging. During the initial stages of aging, electrochemical impedance spectra revealed increased local resistance near the particle–electrolyte interface. This is likely attributable to factors such as secondary particle grain separation and the redistribution of carbon black. The swelling of particles, compression of the binder phase, and enhanced particle contact were identified as probable factors adding to the elevation of the elastic modulus within the porous layer as a result of cycling.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI AG , 2023. Vol. 9, no 12, p. 575-, article id 575
Keywords [en]
constitutive behavior, lithium-ion batteries, materials science, mechanical properties, U-shape bending
National Category
Materials Chemistry Other Materials Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-342152DOI: 10.3390/batteries9120575ISI: 001130542700001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85180705767OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-342152DiVA, id: diva2:1827573
Note

QC 20240115

Available from: 2024-01-15 Created: 2024-01-15 Last updated: 2024-02-29Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Identifying Parameters for Aging-Adaptive Battery Management
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Identifying Parameters for Aging-Adaptive Battery Management
2024 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The modern transportation system is largely based on fossil fuels. To reduce this reliance on oil and gas and thereby drastically reduce emissions, a transition to renewable power sources is necessary. Lithium-ion batteries are the most established candidate for electromobility applications, with suitable energy and power densities. However, their limited lifetime is often further reduced by inadequate battery utilization. Battery usage is overseen by the battery management system relying on different models to determine for instance the charging procedure or estimate the state of charge. Degradation affects internal rate-determining processes and precise battery management is only possible if the used model resolves the battery-internal states and accounts for their changes. In this thesis, I therefore investigate if suitable adjustments to usage can prolong battery lifetime. To achieve such aging-adaptive battery management, the online diagnosis of degradation is paramount. 

A novel method for the identification of electrochemical parameters relying on optimal experiment design is presented. The operando identification of electrochemical parameters is demonstrated using an established physics-based model and improved accuracy of the model and the estimated parameter set is shown. The method is then utilized to estimate parameter changes in a cycling study on commercial cells, highlighting how beginning-of-life estimates quickly become obsolete. Identified parameter estimates correlate with post-mortem analysis and therefore offer meaningful insight into battery degradation. The information content in real-world driving patterns is investigated for three distinct heavy-duty vehicle types. We show that it is possible to gain meaningful insight into battery degradation from such driving data alone but the information content heavily depends on usage type. Finally, the benefit of the proposed aging-adaptive battery management is demonstrated for fast charging of automotive prototype cells. 

Abstract [sv]

Det moderna transportsystemet är till stor del baserat på fossila bränslen. För att minska beroendet av olja och gas och därmed drastiskt minska utsläppen krävs en övergång till förnybara energikällor. Eldrift med litiumjonbatterier är den mest etablerade kandidaten, med tillräcklig energi- och effekttäthet. Deras redan begränsade livslängd förkortas dock ofta ytterligare av otillräcklig batterihantering. Batterianvändningen övervakas av ett batteristyrningssystem som förlitar sig på olika modeller för att t.ex. bestämma laddningsstrategin eller uppskatta laddningstillståndet. Åldring av batteriet påverkar interna hastighetsbestämmande processer och exakt batterihantering är endast möjlig om den använda modellen visar batteriets interna tillstånd och tar hänsyn till dess förändringar. I denna avhandling undersöker jag därför om lämpliga justeringar av användningen kan förlänga batteriets livslängd. För att uppnå en sådan åldringsanpassad batterihantering är onlinediagnos av åldring av största vikt. 

En ny metod för identifiering av elektrokemiska parametrar som bygger på design av optimala experiment presenteras. Operandoidentifiering av elektrokemiska parametrar demonstreras med hjälp av en etablerad fysikbaserad modell, och förbättrad precision för modellen och det uppskattade parametersetet visas. Metoden används sedan för att uppskatta parameterförändringar i en åldringsstudie på kommersiella celler, vilken belyser hur initiala uppskattade parametrar snabbt blir föråldrade. Identifierade parametrar korrelerar med post-mortem-analys och ger därför en meningsfull inblick i batteriets åldring. Informationsinnehållet i verkliga körmönster undersöks för tre olika tunga fordonstyper. Vi visar att det är möjligt att få en meningsfull inblick i batteriets åldring enbart från sådana kördata, men informationsinnehållet beror starkt på användningstyp. Slutligen demonstreras fördelarna med den föreslagna åldersadaptiva batterihanteringen för snabbladdning av prototypceller för fordon. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2024. p. 74
Series
TRITA-CBH-FOU ; 2024:5
Keywords
Lithium-ion battery, Parameter estimation, Aging-adaptive usage, Electrochemical battery management, Litiumjonbatteri, Parameteruppskattning, Åldringsmedveten användning, Elektrokemisk batterikontroll
National Category
Chemical Engineering
Research subject
Chemical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-342173 (URN)978-91-8040-825-7 (ISBN)
Public defence
2024-02-12, F3, Lindstedtsvägen 26, https://kth-se.zoom.us/meeting/register/u5ctc-iopjgsG93HDPjpY660rOTFbHZKIpzP, Stockholm, 14:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Swedish Energy Agency, 47103-1
Note

QC 20240117

Available from: 2024-01-17 Created: 2024-01-16 Last updated: 2024-01-22Bibliographically approved

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Gupta, PriyankStreb, MoritzLindbergh, GöranGudmundson, Peter

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