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AC-Side Impedance-Based Stability Assessment in Grid-Forming Modular Multilevel Converters
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electric Power and Energy Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1136-581x
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electric Power and Energy Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5919-2308
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electric Power and Energy Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8565-4753
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electric Power and Energy Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1755-1365
2024 (English)In: IEEE Access, E-ISSN 2169-3536, Vol. 12, p. 23514-23528Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Grid-forming converters can emulate the behavior of a synchronous generator through frequency droop control. The stability of grid-forming modular multilevel converters can be studied via the impedance-based stability criterion. This paper presents an ac-side impedance model of a grid-forming modular multilevel converter which includes a complete grid-forming control structure. The impact of different control schemes and parameters on the closed-loop output impedance of the converter is thoroughly analyzed and the learnings have been used in mitigating undesired control interactions with the grid. The results are verified through simulations in time- and frequency-domains along with experiments on a down-scaled laboratory prototype.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) , 2024. Vol. 12, p. 23514-23528
Keywords [en]
Control interaction, frequency-domain analysis, grid-forming control, harmonic linearization, impedance modeling, modular multilevel converter (MMC), stability
National Category
Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-343989DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3365053ISI: 001164026200001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85185546685OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-343989DiVA, id: diva2:1841359
Note

QC 20240301

Available from: 2024-02-28 Created: 2024-02-28 Last updated: 2024-11-19Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Impedance Analysis and Stability Assessment of Modular Multilevel Converters
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Impedance Analysis and Stability Assessment of Modular Multilevel Converters
2024 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Owing to their scalability, modular design, and high efficiency, modular multilevel converters (MMCs) are considered the state-of-the-art topology in high voltage dc (HVDC) and flexible ac transmission (FACT) systems. Ensuring converter- and system-level stability is crucial to facilitate the large-scale integration of these converters into future power grids. 

Similar to other power electronics systems, the stability of MMC interfaced dc and ac systems can be assessed via the impedance-based stability criterion, which requires detailed representation or measurement of the MMC terminal impedances. The main objective of this thesis is thus, to model the dc- and ac-side impedances of the MMCs taking into account various control system implementations. To this end, the impact of different control schemes and parameters on the converter impedances are thoroughly investigated, resulting in models that serve as tools for analyzing potential undesirable interactions between converter control dynamics and the system to which the converter is connected.

The thesis also focuses on developing impedance models in situations where parts of the control system are concealed for intellectual property protection. By combining frequency-domain system identification and harmonic linearization, these black-boxed control system components are integrated into the impedance model. This approach enables the analysis of the impact of outer-loop control settings on converter stability.

Finally, the thesis assesses the stability of several case studies in which MMCs are interfaced to dc or ac systems. Consequently, active damping solutions are proposed to mitigate harmonic resonances arising from the interaction of the converter and the dc or ac systems. Theoretical analyses are substantiated through time-domain simulations and laboratory experiments.

Key contributions include the development of impedance models under various control schemes and a method for estimating dc-side impedance in MMC systems with black-boxed control. The findings provide insights into impedance shaping, stability challenges, and effective damping strategies in MMC-based systems.

Abstract [sv]

Tack vare av sin skalbarhet, modulära design och höga verkningsgrad anses modulära multinivå-omvandlare (MMC) vara den främsta topologin för högspänd likströmsöverföring (HVDC) och flexibel växelströmstransmission (FACT). Att säkerställa stabilitet på omvandlar- och systemnivå är avgörande för att möjliggöra storskalig integration av dessa omvandlare i framtida elnät.

I likhet med andra kraftelektroniksystem kan stabiliteten hos MMC-anslutna likströms- och växelströmssystem bedömas genom det impedansbaserade stabilitetskriteriet, vilket kräver detaljerad modellering eller mätning av omvandlarnas-terminalimpedanserna. Huvudsyftet med denna avhandling är således att modellera likströms- och växelströmsimpedansen för MMC:erna vid olika implementeringar av styrsystemen. Därför undersöks inverkan av olika styrprinciper och parametrar på omvandlarens impedans, vilket resulterar i modeller som fungerar som verktyg för att analysera potentiella oönskade interaktioner mellan omvandlarens styrdynamik och det system som omvandlaren är ansluten till.

Avhandlingen fokuserar också på att utveckla impedansmodeller för situationer där delar av styrsystemet är dolda, för att skydda immateriella rättigheter. Genom att kombinera systemidentifiering i frekvensplanet och harmonisk linjärisering, integreras dessa dolda styrsystemkomponenter i impedansmodellen. Detta tillvägagångssätt gör det möjligt att analysera effekten av parameterval för yttre, ej dolda, reglerslingor på omvandlarens stabilitet.

Slutligen bedömer avhandlingen stabiliteten i flera fall där MMC:er ansluts till likströms- eller växelströmssystem. Följaktligen föreslås aktiva dämpningslösningar för att mildra övertonsresonanser som uppstår genom växelverkan mellan omvandlaren och likströms- eller växelströmssystemen. Teoretiska analyser underbyggs genom simuleringar i tidplanet och laboratorieexperiment.

Viktiga bidrag utgörs av utvecklingen av impedansmodeller under olika styrprinciper och en metod för att uppskatta likströmssidans impedans i MMC-system med black-box-styrning. Resultaten ger insikter i impedansstyrning, stabilitetsfrågor och effektiva dämpningsstrategier i MMC-baserade system.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2024. p. ix, 65
Series
TRITA-EECS-AVL ; 2024:88
Keywords
Converter control, converter-driven stability, frequency-domain analysis, harmonic linearization, impedance/admittance modeling, modular multilevel converter (MMC), partially black-boxed control, Omvandlarstyrning, omvandlardriven stabilitet, frekvensdomänanalys, harmonisk linjärisering, impedans/admittansmodellering, modulär flernivåomvandlare (MMC), styrning med delvis svart låda.
National Category
Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Research subject
Electrical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-356602 (URN)978-91-8106-112-3 (ISBN)
Public defence
2024-12-16, Sal H1, Teknikringen 33, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC 20241120

Available from: 2024-11-20 Created: 2024-11-19 Last updated: 2024-12-03Bibliographically approved

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Nahalparvari, MehrdadAsoodar, MohsenNorrga, StaffanNee, Hans-Peter

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