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The RATT PARROT: serendipitous discovery of a peculiarly scintillating pulsar in MeerKAT imaging observations of the Great Saturn – Jupiter Conjunction of 2020. I. Dynamic imaging and data analysis
Centre for Radio Astronomy Techniques and Technologies (RATT), Department of Physics and Electronics, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa; South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Black River Park North, 2 Fir St, Cape Town 7925, South Africa, Black River Park North, 2 Fir St; Institute for Radioastronomy, National Institute of Astrophysics (INAF IRA), Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy, Via Gobetti 101.
Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
Centre for Radio Astronomy Techniques and Technologies (RATT), Department of Physics and Electronics, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa; GEPI, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 place Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France, 5 place Jules Janssen.
Centre for Radio Astronomy Techniques and Technologies (RATT), Department of Physics and Electronics, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa; South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Black River Park North, 2 Fir St, Cape Town 7925, South Africa, Black River Park North, 2 Fir St.
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2024 (English)In: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, ISSN 0035-8711, E-ISSN 1365-2966, Vol. 528, no 4, p. 6517-6537Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

We report on a radiopolarimetric observation of the Saturn–Jupiter Great Conjunction of 2020 using the MeerKAT L-band system, initially carried out for science verification purposes, which yielded a serendipitous discovery of a pulsar. The radiation belts of Jupiter are very bright and time variable: coupled with the sensitivity of MeerKAT, this necessitated development of dynamic imaging techniques, reported on in this work. We present a deep radio ‘movie’ revealing Jupiter’s rotating magnetosphere, a radio detection of Callisto, and numerous background radio galaxies. We also detect a bright radio transient in close vicinity to Saturn, lasting approximately 45 min. Follow-up deep imaging observations confirmed this as a faint compact variable radio source, and yielded detections of pulsed emission by the commensal MeerTRAP search engine, establishing the object’s nature as a radio emitting neutron star, designated PSR J2009−2026. A further observation combining deep imaging with the PTUSE pulsar backend measured detailed dynamic spectra for the object. While qualitatively consistent with scintillation, the magnitude of the magnification events and the characteristic time–scales are odd. We are tentatively designating this object a pulsar with anomalous refraction recurring on odd time-scales (PARROT). As part of this investigation, we present a pipeline for detection of variable sources in imaging data, with dynamic spectra and light curves as the products, and compare dynamic spectra obtained from visibility data with those yielded by PTUSE. We discuss MeerKAT’s capabilities and prospects for detecting more of such transients and variables.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Oxford University Press (OUP) , 2024. Vol. 528, no 4, p. 6517-6537
Keywords [en]
methods: data analysis, planets and satellites: individual: Jupiter, planets and satellites: individual: Saturn, radio continuum: transients, stars: neutron, techniques: interferometric
National Category
Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-344204DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stae303ISI: 001167291900001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85185890507OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-344204DiVA, id: diva2:1842924
Note

QC 20240307

Available from: 2024-03-06 Created: 2024-03-06 Last updated: 2024-03-18Bibliographically approved

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Ivchenko, MykolaRoth, Lorenz

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