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Models to Analyze Risk in Time and Cost Estimation of Tunneling Projects
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4824-420x
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5372-7519
2024 (English)In: Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, ISSN 0960-3182, E-ISSN 1573-1529, Vol. 42, no 2, p. 1445-1457Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Time and cost estimation of tunnelingprojects is usually performed in a deterministic manner.However, because the deterministic approach isnot capable of dealing with uncertainty, probabilisticmethods have been developed over the years to betteraccount for this problem. Three models of this typeare the Decision Aids for Tunneling (DAT) and twomodels developed at KTH Royal Institute of Technologyand the Czech Technical University in Prague.To conduct a probabilistic time and cost estimation,it is important to understand and account for not onlythe uncertain factors that affect the project time andcost but also the involved parties’ different interestsand contractual responsibilities. This paper developsa risk model for the specific purpose of time andcost estimation of tunneling projects. In light of thismodel, the practical application of the three probabilisticmodels is discussed from a risk-aware decisionmaker’sperspective. The acquired insights can behelpful in increasing the experts’ risk-awareness inmodeling time and cost of tunneling projects.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Nature , 2024. Vol. 42, no 2, p. 1445-1457
Keywords [en]
Time and cost estimation · Tunneling projects · Probabilistic approaches · Risk model · Uncertainty
National Category
Civil Engineering
Research subject
Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-344904DOI: 10.1007/s10706-023-02627-xISI: 001062070900001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85169165496OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-344904DiVA, id: diva2:1848307
Funder
Swedish Research Council Formas, 2017-01218Rock Engineering Research Foundation (BeFo), 400KTH Royal Institute of Technology
Note

QC 20240403

Available from: 2024-04-02 Created: 2024-04-02 Last updated: 2024-04-05Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Risk Management in Tunneling Projects: Estimation and Planning
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Risk Management in Tunneling Projects: Estimation and Planning
2024 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Cost overruns and schedule delays are frequently observed occurrences in the construction of transport infrastructure projects. Such phenomena lead to the mismanagement of significant amounts of both public and private resources.An examination of the literature reveals that uncertainty stands out as one of the potential primary causes of cost overruns and schedule delays. To address the impact of uncertainty on time and cost estimations in transport infrastructure projects, probabilistic approaches can be employed. 

In this doctoral thesis, first a conceptual risk model has been formulated specifically for the purpose of enhancing time and cost estimations in tunneling projects. This risk model serves as a tool to scrutinize and contrast existing probabilistic time and cost estimation models for tunnel projects, aiming to identify potential areas for improvement. Furthermore, the conceptual model is utilized to delve into the factors influencing the accuracy of subjective assessments regarding the input parameters in time estimation models. It also explores methods for incorporating the role of tunneling phases into the subjective assessment of these input parameters.

Then, enhancements and updates are introduced to the existingKTH model for time and cost estimation in tunneling projects. This model primarily targets three main sources of uncertainty: variability in construction performance, geological uncertainties, and the potential incidence of disruptive events. The analysis and improvements related to modelling of construction performance involve three sequential steps. In the first step, the construction process is modeled using the work breakdown structure (WBS), enabling a more realistic assessment of tunneling time. Subsequently, in the second step, PERT distributions are employed to model the uncertainty in the duration of unit activities, compared to the commonly used triangular distributions. The third step involves a detailed examination of a real tunnelling project's data to identify components contributing to construction performance variability for unit activities. This analysis pinpoints three main components: typical performance variability, minor performance delays, and minor machinery delays. These components are integrated into the KTH model, resulting in its further update concerning construction performance variability. 

A novel approach is introduced into the KTH model by leveraging the Metropolis-Hastings (MH) algorithm within the framework of Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation to address geological uncertainties along the tunnel route. This method facilitates round-by-round simulation of the tunneling process and allows the model to accommodate uncertainty in the critical path for tunneling projects involving multiple headings. These enhancements aim to improve decision-making processes and mitigate risks associated with schedule delays and cost overruns. Additionally, the magnitude of disruptive events are now modeled as stochastic variables, an improvement on the original version of the KTH model.

Abstract [sv]

Kostnadsöverskridanden och förseningar i tidplanen inträffar ofta vidbyggande av transportinfrastrukturprojekt. Detta leder till slöseri av betydande resurser, både offentliga och privata. En genomgångav litteraturen visar att osäkerhet framträder som en av de potentiella primära orsakerna. För att hantera påverkan av osäkerhet på tid- och kostnadsuppskattningar i transportinfrastrukturprojekt kan probabilistiska metoder användas. I denna doktorsavhandling utarbetades först en konceptuell riskmodell som kan förbättra tid- och kostnadsuppskattningar specifikt i tunnelprojekt. Riskmodellen användes som ett verktyg för att granska och jämföra olika befintliga probabilistiska modeller för sådana skattningar, i syfte att identifiera möjliga förbättringsområden. Riskmodellen användes också för att undersöka faktorer som påverkar noggrannheten i subjektiva bedömningar av indata i tidsuppskattningsmodeller. Även metoder för att inkludera olika tunnelbyggnadsfaser i den subjektiva bedömningen av dessa indata utforskades. Forskningen har resulterat i förbättringar och uppdateringar av den befintliga KTH modellen för tid- och kostnadsuppskattning i tunnelprojekt. Modellen inriktar sig mot tre huvudsakliga källor till osäkerhet i skattningen: variabilitet i arbetsprestation, geologisk osäkerhet och förekomstav försenande händelser. Analysen och förbättringarna av modelleringen av arbetsprestation utfördes i tre steg. I det första stegetmodellerades byggprocessen med hjälp av en så kallad Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), vilket möjliggör en mer realistisk bedömningav tunnelprojektets byggtid. I det andra steget användes PERTfördelningar för att modellera osäkerheten i tidsåtgång för de olika aktiviteterna i produktionscykeln, istället för den annars ofta använda triangelfördelningen. Det tredje steget utgjordes av en detaljerad undersökning av data från ett verkligt tunnelprojekt föratt identifiera vilka komponenter som bidrar till variabiliteten i arbetsprestation i produktionscykelns olika aktiviteter. Denna analyspekar ut tre huvudkomponenter: typisk variabilitet i arbetsprestation, mindre prestationsförseningar och mindre maskinförseningar. Dessa komponenter integrerades i KTH-modellen, vilket resulteradei ytterligare uppdateringar avseende variabiliteten i arbetsprestation. En ny metod infördes i KTH-modellen genom att använda Metropolis-Hastings-algoritmen inom ramen för Monte Carlo-simuleringmed Markovkedjor, för att hantera geologiska osäkerheter längstunnelsträckningen. Denna metod möjliggör stegvis simulering av tunnelbyggnadsprocessen så att KTH-modellen nu kan beakta osäkerhet i kritiska linjen i tunnelprojekt med flera fronter. Dessa förbättringar syftar till att underlätta beslutsfattandet och minska riskerna för förseningar och kostnadsöverskridanden. Dessutom är det nu möjligt att modellera storleken på försenande händelser som stokastiska variabler, vilket är en annan förbättring jämfört med den ursprungliga versionen av KTH-modellen. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2024
Series
TRITA-ABE-DLT ; 248
Keywords
Cost overrun, Transport infrastructure projects, Time and cost estimation, Probabilistic approaches, Tunneling
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Research subject
Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-345073 (URN)978-91-8040-886-8 (ISBN)
Public defence
2024-05-03, Kollegiesalen, Brinellvägen 8, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/66341214998, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC240410

Available from: 2024-04-10 Created: 2024-04-05 Last updated: 2024-04-10Bibliographically approved

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Mohammadi, MohammadSpross, Johan

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