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Beyond the hype: A critical look at the motivations driving automated driving systems research
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Centres, Integrated Transport Research Lab, ITRL.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6986-972x
2024 (English)In: Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, E-ISSN 2590-1982, Vol. 24, article id 101075Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Automated driving systems (ADS) have gained sizable attention over the last decade, promising safer, cheaper, and more accessible transportation. However, the discourse driving this research has not been thoroughly explored, with scant qualitative work detailing specific cases. To address this gap, this paper explores the motivations for the societal need for ADS research for the 500 most cited publications in the field, investigating explicit motivations (e.g., accident reduction), writing style, assumed likelihood of outcomes, and the text's tone. Qualitative and quantitative techniques are used, as well as the tool ChatGPT to investigate the large number of texts. The results show that the most common motivation is the emergence itself (‘ADS are coming, so they need to be studied’), followed by potential benefits such as accident reduction, congestion mitigation, increased comfort and productivity onboard, and environmental concerns. The tone of the publications is primarily neutral or slightly positive but with some deterministic descriptions like ‘ADS will lead to’ rather than more cautious language like ‘can’ or ‘may’. The results offer a glimpse rather than a comprehensive overview of the discourse on ADS within the research community. While the analysis might not capture the nuanced perspectives that readers encounter in publications focused on 'impacts', the reviewed publications remain the most cited works in the field, likely affecting the discourse to some extent.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV , 2024. Vol. 24, article id 101075
Keywords [en]
Automated driving, Automated driving systems, Motivation, Review, Self-driving vehicles
National Category
Embedded Systems
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-345241DOI: 10.1016/j.trip.2024.101075ISI: 001224567500001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85189011272OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-345241DiVA, id: diva2:1850521
Note

QC 20240603

Available from: 2024-04-10 Created: 2024-04-10 Last updated: 2024-08-30Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Beyond Technology: Understanding societal impacts of implementing self-driving vehicle systems on road transport
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Beyond Technology: Understanding societal impacts of implementing self-driving vehicle systems on road transport
2024 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

During the last decade, self-driving vehicles have become a major topic of interest, promising to transform transport by making travel safer and more efficient. However, as we move closer to making these vehicles a reality, it has become clear that introducing them into society might not be as straightforward as once thought, and there are growing doubts about the benefits they are supposed to offer.

In this thesis, I investigate the societal impacts of self-driving vehicles by exploring four aspects: reasons for researching self-driving vehicles, how these vehicles could be implemented, the societal impacts of fully implementing self-driving vehicles, and their relationship to sustainability goals.

I find that the motivation for researching this topic is often opaque, and the existence of the technology itself is used as a justification for more research. 

Furthermore, most research into realising self-driving vehicles focuses on purely technical aspects such as designing better algorithms. However, I show that many challenges remain connected to the sociotechnical intertwinement of self-driving vehicles. For instance, I illustrate how they will interact with pedestrians and how services using self-driving vehicles would be practically organised.

Additionally, self-driving vehicles are likely to impact many aspects of society, such as congestion, accessibility, and economic factors. However, I demonstrate that no single framework successfully captures all the identified societal impacts, which are likely to depend on diverse factors such as geographical variations.

The impacts further affect sustainability, where new challenges are likely to emerge. I show that while current tools to govern the transport system are still relevant, a comprehensive approach is needed to ensure that policymakers make well-considered decisions. 

In conclusion, I call for a more balanced view of self-driving vehicles. Introducing this new technology requires careful planning and governance to ensure that self-driving vehicle systems genuinely enhance our quality of life and help build a sustainable future. 

Abstract [sv]

Självkörande fordon har framställts som en viktig pusselbit för att uppnå hållbara och säkra resor, med möjligheter att förbättra trafikflödet, minska utsläppen och öka trafiksäkerheten. Det har dock visat sig att introduktionen av denna nya teknik inte var så enkel som det till en början framställdes, och att effekterna inte nödvändigtvis bara är positiva.

I denna avhandling undersöker jag de samhälleliga effekterna av att införa självkörande fordon, uppdelat i fyra områden: varför forskning sker på området, hur de skulle realiseras, de samhälleliga effekterna av ett införande, samt relationen mellan självkörande fordon och hållbarhet.

Jag visar att motiveringen för att göra forskning på området ofta är oklar och att själva existensen av forskning på området används för att självrättfärdiga mer forskning.

Den mesta forskningen om att realisera självkörande fordon fokuserar på rent tekniska aspekter, såsom bättre algoritmer. Även om många utmaningar kvarstår på det området visar jag även att många andra praktiska problem kvarstår, kopplade till den sociotekniska kopplingen mellan teknik och samhälle. Till exempel saknas lösningar för hur fordonen skulle interagera med fotgängare, och de självkörande fordonen skulle dessutom behöva organiseras praktiskt på något sätt.

Effekterna av självkörande teknik skulle även påverka många delar av samhället såsom framkomlighet, tillgänglighet och ekonomi. Därutöver demonstrerar jag att inget nuvarande ramverk för att förstå samhällseffekter lyckas fånga samtliga aspekter, och att effekterna skulle variera med hänsyn till t ex geografi.

Dessa samhällseffekter får även påverkan på hållbarhet, där nya utmaningar kan uppstå. Jag visar att nuvarande styrmedel för transportsystemet fortfarande är relevanta, men att en helhetssyn krävs för att effektivt hantera utmaningarna. 

Avslutningsvis efterlyser jag en nyanserad bild av självkörande fordon. Att introducera en ny teknik kräver rigorös och framåtsyftande planering och styrning för att säkerställa att självkörande fordon uppnår övergripande hållbarhetsmål och leder till att berika människors liv.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2024. p. 100
Series
TRITA-ITM-AVL ; 2024:10
Keywords
self-driving vehicles, societal effects
National Category
Transport Systems and Logistics
Research subject
Machine Design
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-346477 (URN)978-91-8040-942-1 (ISBN)
Public defence
2024-06-13, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/68249380493, F3, Lindstedtsvägen 26, Stockholm, 14:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Vinnova, 2020-05146Region Stockholm, LS 2017-0585Region Stockholm, RS 2020–0353Swedish Transport Administration, TRV 2019/118695
Available from: 2024-05-21 Created: 2024-05-16 Last updated: 2024-06-03Bibliographically approved

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