kth.sePublications
Change search
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
On‐Chip Neural Induction Boosts Neural Stem Cell Commitment: Toward a Pipeline for iPSC‐Based Therapies
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Intelligent systems, Micro and Nanosystems. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science, Nano Biotechnology. KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2810-2151
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Intelligent systems, Micro and Nanosystems. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science, Nano Biotechnology. KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. KTH, Centres, Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences, AIMES. Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4574-1702
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science, Nano Biotechnology. KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Chulalongkorn Autism Research and Innovation Center of Excellence (Chula ACE) Department of Clinical Chemistry Faculty of Allied Health Sciences Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4149-9381
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Intelligent systems, Micro and Nanosystems.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2503-8139
Show others and affiliations
2024 (English)In: Advanced Science, E-ISSN 2198-3844, Vol. 11, no 25Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The clinical translation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) holds great potential for personalized therapeutics. However, one of the main obstacles is that the current workflow to generate iPSCs is expensive, time-consuming, and requires standardization. A simplified and cost-effective microfluidic approach is presented for reprogramming fibroblasts into iPSCs and their subsequent differentiation into neural stem cells (NSCs). This method exploits microphysiological technology, providing a 100-fold reduction in reagents for reprogramming and a ninefold reduction in number of input cells. The iPSCs generated from microfluidic reprogramming of fibroblasts show upregulation of pluripotency markers and downregulation of fibroblast markers, on par with those reprogrammed in standard well-conditions. The NSCs differentiated in microfluidic chips show upregulation of neuroectodermal markers (ZIC1, PAX6, SOX1), highlighting their propensity for nervous system development. Cells obtained on conventional well plates and microfluidic chips are compared for reprogramming and neural induction by bulk RNA sequencing. Pathway enrichment analysis of NSCs from chip showed neural stem cell development enrichment and boosted commitment to neural stem cell lineage in initial phases of neural induction, attributed to a confined environment in a microfluidic chip. This method provides a cost-effective pipeline to reprogram and differentiate iPSCs for therapeutics compliant with current good manufacturing practices.

This study highlights the development of a microfluidic platform to reprogram somatic cells from donors into induced pluripotent stem cells and further differentiate them into neural stem cells. This confined microfluidic platform boosts neural stem cell generation commitment at an early stage, as denoted by the pathway enrichment analysis. image

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Wiley , 2024. Vol. 11, no 25
National Category
Medical Engineering Nano Technology Medical Biotechnology (with a focus on Cell Biology (including Stem Cell Biology), Molecular Biology, Microbiology, Biochemistry or Biopharmacy) Cell and Molecular Biology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-345904DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401859ISI: 001207250500001PubMedID: 38655836Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85191185622OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-345904DiVA, id: diva2:1854522
Funder
Lund University, StemTherapyThe Swedish Brain Foundation, FO2021‐0234The Swedish Brain Foundation, FO2022‐0151Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, KAW2015.0178Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, 2020.0206Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, 2021.0312Swedish Research Council, 2018‐06169Swedish Research Council, 2019‐01498Swedish Research Council, 2022‐01362Karolinska Institute, 1‐249/2019KTH Royal Institute of Technology, VF‐2019‐0110Vinnova, 2021–02695
Note

QC 20240429

Available from: 2024-04-25 Created: 2024-04-25 Last updated: 2025-04-10Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Bridging Scales – Nanofabrication and Microfluidics for Sensing and Cell Culture Platforms
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Bridging Scales – Nanofabrication and Microfluidics for Sensing and Cell Culture Platforms
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Biology and medicine have seen groundbreaking discoveries, from ion channels to induced pluripotent stem cells, resulting in a paradigm shift. The advancements in physical sciences and engineering have always been pivotal in unlocking mysteries of biology and highlighting that the new frontiers lie in deepening our understanding at the single-cell and single-molecule levels. Applying different physical and engineering principles sheds new light on our understanding of complex biological systems at the single-cell and single-molecule level, enabling the development of various technologies such as single-molecule detection, organ-on-chip platforms, and organoids. The development of these technologies offers valuable insights into disease progression and personalized therapeutic strategies. The advancements in micro and nanofabrication propel the development of sensing platforms and biological devices that pave the way for novel solutions, ensuring the best of both worlds. This thesis aims to contribute to advancing the fields of single-molecule sensing and cell therapy by integrating biological discoveries and engineering advancements to develop novel engineering toolboxes. 

The first part of this thesis introduces and describes two approaches for single-molecule sensing and detection, specifically tunneling nanogaps and solid-state nanopore-based sensing platforms. The first work reports the custom measurement setup built during the project, which facilitates automated probing and testing arrays with hundreds of tunnel junctions in liquid with integrated microfluidics, current in the pA range, and at sampling rates up to 200 kHz. This setup highlights key electrical and microfluidic components and design choices to achieve a scalable measurement method, providing a platform for further studies and development in this field and enabling the potential for dynamic sensing. The second work in this thesis investigates the fabrication and electrical behavior of tunnel junctions in various gaseous and liquid media by feedback-controlled electromigration of microfabricated gold nanoconstrictions. This work maps the conductance stability and characteristics of the resulting tunnel junctions, highlighting various considerations and challenges in working with on-chip integrated tunnel junctions to guide future efforts. 

In the third work, we shift our focus to solid-state nanopores and demonstrate that the nanopores fabricated by controlled dielectric breakdown could be localized at the site of femtosecond laser exposure on a pristine silicon nitride membrane. We analyze the sensing potential of these nanopores by the translocation of double-stranded DNA through the pores. The fourth work uses the solid-state nanopore platform to detect and study the binding of Estrogen Receptor Alpha to the Estrogen Receptor Elements on the DNA. The work on tunnel junction and solid-state nanopore-based sensing modalities holds potential for further development in the field of single-(bio)molecule sensing.

The second part of this thesis presents a microfluidic chip platform that enables simple and fast reprogramming of somatic cells, such as fibroblasts, into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). These iPSCs can then be differentiated further into functional ectodermal cell types towards neural lineage, resulting in neural stem cells on the chip. Furthermore, using bulk-RNA sequencing, we observed that the microfluidic platform boosted commitment toward generating neural stem cells while reducing biological variability compared to a conventional well plate. Our method provides a simple platform with considerably reduced reagent requirements, cellular input, and manual labor, leading to substantial cost savings and holding potential for the highly controlled generation of clinical-grade iPSCs and differentiated cells for cellular therapeutics.

Abstract [sv]

Banbrytande upptäckter inom biologi och medicin, från jonkanaler till inducerade pluripotenta stamceller, har resulterat i ett paradigmskifte. Framsteg inom fysik och ingenjörsvetenskap har varit avgörande för att avslöja biologins mysterier och belysa att framtidens nya avancemang ligger i att fördjupa vår förståelse på enskild cell- och molekylnivå. Genom att tillämpa olika fysikaliska och ingenjörsvetenskapliga principer får vi nya insikter gällande komplexa biologiska system på dessa nivåer, vilket möjliggör utvecklingen av olika teknologier såsom detektion av enskilda molekyler, organ-på-chip-plattformar och organoider. Utvecklingen av dessa teknologier ger värdefulla insikter för sjukdomsprogressioner och individanpassade terapeutiska strategier. Framstegen inom mikro- och nanofabrikation driver utvecklingen av sensorplattformar och biologiska enheter som banar väg för nya lösningar där det bästa från två världar förenas. Denna avhandling syftar till att bidra till utvecklingen av fälten för enskild molekyl-detektion och cellterapi genom att integrera biologiska upptäckter med ingenjörsvetenskapliga framsteg för att skapa nya teknologiska verktyg.

Den första delen av denna avhandling introducerar och beskriver två metoder för detektion av enskilda molekyler, specifikt tunnel-nanogap och fasta nanoporer som sensorplattformar. Den första studien rapporterar om den specialanpassade mätuppställning som byggdes under projektet och som möjliggör automatiserad avläsning och testning av arrays med hundratals tunnelövergångar i vätska med integrerad mikrofluidik, strömmar i pA-området och samplingsfrekvenser upp till 200 kHz. Systemet belyser viktiga elektriska och mikrofluidiska komponenter samt de designval som krävs för att uppnå en skalbar mätmetod, vilket skapar en plattform för vidare studier och utveckling inom detta fält och möjliggör potentialen för dynamisk detektion. Den andra studien i denna avhandling undersöker tillverkningen och den elektriska funktionen hos tunnelövergångar i olika gas- och vätskemedier genom återkopplingsstyrd elektromigration av mikrofabrikerade guldkonstriktioner. Detta arbete kartlägger ledningsstabiliteten och egenskaperna hos de resulterande tunnelövergångarna och belyser olika överväganden och utmaningar vid arbete med on-chip-integrerade tunnelövergångar för att vägleda framtida insatser.

I den tredje studien skiftar vi fokus till fasta nanoporer och demonstrerar att nanoporer, som skapats genom kontrollerad dielektrisk nedbrytning, kan lokaliseras till platsen för femtosekundslaserexponering på ett orört kiselnitridmembran. Vi analyserar sensorpotentialen hos dessa nanoporer genom translokation av dubbelsträngat DNA genom porerna. Den fjärde studien använder den fasta nanoporplattformen för att detektera och studera bindningen av östrogenreceptor alfa till östrogenreceptor-element på DNA. Arbetet med tunnelövergångar och fasta nanoporbaserade sensorplattformar har potential för vidare utveckling inom fältet för enskild-(bio)molekyl-detektion.

Den andra delen av denna avhandling presenterar en mikrofluidisk chip-plattform som möjliggör enkel och snabb omprogrammering av somatiska celler, såsom fibroblaster, till inducerade pluripotenta stamceller (iPSCs). Dessa iPSCs kan sedan vidare differentieras till funktionella ektodermala celltyper mot neural linje, vilket resulterar i neurala stamceller på chipet. Vidare observerade vi genom bulk-RNA-sekvensering att den mikrofluidiska plattformen främjade genererering av neurala stamceller samtidigt som den minskade biologisk variation jämfört med en konventionell brunnsplatta. Vår metod tillhandahåller en enkel plattform med avsevärt minskade reagenskrav, cellinsatser och manuellt arbete, vilket leder till betydande kostnadsbesparingar och har potential för högkontrollerad produktion av kliniskt godkända iPSCs och differentierade celler för cellulära terapier.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2025. p. xvi, 111
Series
TRITA-EECS-AVL ; 2025:37
Keywords
nanotechnology, single-molecule sensing, solid-state nanopore, nanofabrication, microfluidics, tunnel junction, induced pluripotent stem cells, cell reprogramming
National Category
Nanotechnology
Research subject
Electrical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-362324 (URN)978-91-8106-236-6 (ISBN)
Public defence
2025-05-09, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/67018776035, F3, Lindstedtsvägen 26-28, Stockholm, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC 20250411

Available from: 2025-04-11 Created: 2025-04-10 Last updated: 2025-04-14Bibliographically approved

Open Access in DiVA

No full text in DiVA

Other links

Publisher's full textPubMedScopus

Authority records

Jain, SaumeyVoulgaris, DimitriosThongkorn, SurangratHesen, RickHerland, Anna

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Jain, SaumeyVoulgaris, DimitriosThongkorn, SurangratHesen, RickHägg, AliceMoslem, MohsenFalk, AnnaHerland, Anna
By organisation
Micro and NanosystemsNano BiotechnologyScience for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLabCenter for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences, AIMES
In the same journal
Advanced Science
Medical EngineeringNano TechnologyMedical Biotechnology (with a focus on Cell Biology (including Stem Cell Biology), Molecular Biology, Microbiology, Biochemistry or Biopharmacy)Cell and Molecular Biology

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar

doi
pubmed
urn-nbn

Altmetric score

doi
pubmed
urn-nbn
Total: 448 hits
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf