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Algebraic Advances in Multiview Geometry
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mathematics (Dept.), Algebra, Combinatorics and Topology.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0300-8115
2024 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

 Computer Vision is the study of how computers can understand and classify images as well as or better than humans, at a fraction of the time. A fundamental problem in this field, Structure-from-Motion, aims to build a 3D model of an object based on 2D images. Applications include self-driving cars, autonomous vehicles and visual media such as movies and video games.  

 The geometry that arises in 3D reconstruction is called Multiview Geometry, and the study of algebraic structures that arise from Multiview Geometry is called Algebraic Vision. The latter is the subject of this thesis. Our focus is on optimization problems, finding polynomials constraints and the construction of new algorithms. A main goal of this thesis is to generalize concepts and ideas in Algebraic Vision to new settings.     

 In Paper A, we investigate a classic question in Computer Vision, namely the compatibility of fundamental matrices. We prove that quadruplewise compatibility implies global compatibility. Given a sextuple of compatible fundamental matrices, there are four possible cases for the geometry of their epipoles. In each case, we provide necessary and sufficient conditions for compatibility in terms of explicit homogeneous polynomials in the fundamental matrices and their epipoles. 

 In Paper B, we build on the theory of Paper A. More precisely, we equivalently express the necessary and sufficient conditions in terms of intuitive geometrical conditions. In the process, we get simpler proofs.

 In Paper C, we consider the problem of how to best identify and filter out outliers from a given data set. A data point is an inlier if its Euclidean distance to the mathematical model is small enough. This distance is expensive to compute. In applied settings, it is efficiently approximated by the Sampson error. We provide theoretical bounds for when the Sampson error is a good approximation of the Euclidean distance, and show, via numerical experiments, new scenarios where it can be applied, such as in three-view geometry. 

 In Paper D, we study the projection of lines in 3-space onto a given set of camera planes. The closure of this projection map is a line multiview variety. Our main theorem is that a line multiview variety is cut out by the condition that the back-projected planes meet in a line if and only if all centers are pairwise distinct and no four centers are collinear. Here, smooth quadrics and their families of lines are important tools. We also study smoothness, multidegrees, and Euclidean distance degrees. 

 In Paper E, we use the theory of Cohen--Macaulay ideals to prove that under sufficient genericity, the ideal described in Paper D is the defining ideal of the line multiview variety. We compute Gröbner bases and discuss to what extent our results carry over to the case of cameras with collinear centers.   In Paper F, we solve the problem of how to do 3D reconstruction such that point and line incidence relations are preserved. In this direction, we introduce anchored multiview varieties. We describe new reconstruction algorithms based on these. On simulated data, we compare the different approaches with individual reconstruction of points and lines. Our approach yields comparable accuracy and a significant speed improvement. This improvement in speed is theoretically supported by our Euclidean distance degree computations. We make use of the observation that these anchored multiview varieties are linearly isomorphic to multiview varieties arising from the projection of points in 2-space and 1-space. 

 In Paper G, we explore the observation above from Paper F in great detail. We start by considering all possible anchored multiview varieties arising from projections of points and lines in 1, 2, and 3-dimensional projective space. We say that two such varieties are ED-equivalent if there is a linear isomorphism between them that preserves ED-critical points. This gives rise to fourteen equivalence classes; a multiview catalogue. In the case of points, we also present a study of all associated resectioning varieties. Finally, we propose conjectures for the Euclidean distance degrees of all varieties appearing in our comprehensive list.

 In Paper H, we present an algebraic study of the projection of plane curves and twisted cubics in space onto multiple images of pinhole cameras. The Zariski closure of the image of the projection of conics is called a conic multiview variety. Extending previous work for point and line multiview varieties, we make use of back-projected cones. For two views, we provide the defining ideals of conic multiview varieties. For any number of views, we state when the simplest possible set-theoretic description is achieved based on the geometry of the camera centers. Finally, we conjecture the Euclidean distance degree for the conic multiview variety given two cameras.  

 In Paper I, we introduce a generalization of multiview varieties as closures of images obtained by projecting subspaces of a given dimension onto several views, from the photographic and geometric points of view. We investigate when the associated projection map is generically injective; an essential requirement for successful triangulation. We give a complete characterization of this property by determining two formulae for the dimensions of these varieties. Similarly, we describe for which center arrangements calibration of camera parameters is possible. We determine precisely when the multiview variety is naturally isomorphic to its associated blowup, in the case of generic centers.

 At the end of this thesis, four additional papers and one extended abstract is attached. As these are not part of the Algebraic Vision story, we do not describe them here. They are included in the thesis as part of the complete collected works of the PhD candidate. 

Abstract [sv]

 Datorseende är vetenskapen kring hur datorer kan förstå och klassificera bilder lika väl eller bättre än människor, på en bråkdel av tiden. Ett fundamentalt problem inom detta område är Struktur-från-Rörelse, vilket ämnar att skapa en 3D-modell av ett objekt utifrån 2D-fotografier. Tillämpningar inkluderar självkörande bilar, autonoma fordon och visuell media så som filmer och datorspel.  

Geometrin som uppstår i 3D-rekonstruktion kallas multivygeometri, och studiet av algebraiska strukturer som uppstår från multivygeometri kallas algebraiskt seende. Det senare är ämnet för denna avhandling. Vårt fokus ligger på optimeringsproblem, att hitta relevanta polynomekvationer och konstruktionen av nya algoritmer. Ett huvudmål med avhandlingen är att generalisera begrepp och idéer inom algebraiskt seende.

I Artikel A undersöker vi en klassisk fråga inom datorseende, nämligen kompatibiliteten hos fundamentala matriser. Vi bevisar att fyrfaldig kompatibilitet implicerar global kompatibilitet. Givet en sexfald av kompatibla fundamentala matriser, finns det fyra möjliga fall för geometrin hos deras epipoler. För varje fall ger vi nödvändiga och tillräckliga villkor för kompatibilitet i termer av explicita homogena polynom i de fundamentala matriserna och deras epipoler.

I Artikel B bygger vi vidare på teorin från Artikel A. Närmare bestämt uttrycker vi nödvändiga och tillräckliga villkor på ett ekvivalent sätt med intuitiva geometriska villkor. Som medföljd får vi enklare bevis.

I Artikel C undersöker vi problemet om hur man bäst identifierar och filtrerar bort avvikande data från en given datamängd. En datapunkt bör behållas om dess euklidiska avstånd till den matematiska modellen är tillräckligt litet. Detta avstånd är dyrt att beräkna. I praktiken skattas det effektivt av Sampsonfelet. Vi ger teoretiska gränser för när Sampsonfelet är en bra skattning av det euklidiska avståndet och visar, via numeriska experiment, nya scenarier där det kan tillämpas, såsom trevygeometri.

I Artikel D studerar vi projektionen av linjer i rummet på en given uppsättning kameraplan. Slutna höljet av denna projektionsavbildning är en linjemultivyvarietet. Vårt huvudteorem är att en linjemultivyvarietet skärs ut av villkoret att de bakprojicerade planen möts i en linje om och endast om alla centra är parvis distinkta och inga fyra centra ligger på en linje. Här är släta kvadratiska ytor och deras familjer av linjer viktiga verktyg. Vi studerar också släthet, multigrader och euklidiska avståndsgrader.

I Artikel E använder vi teorin om Cohen--Macaulay ideal för att under tillräckligt allmänna situationer bevisa att idealet beskrivet i Artikel D är det definierande idealet för linjemultivyvarieten. Vi beräknar Gröbnerbaser och diskuterar i vilken utsträckning våra resultat överförs till fallet med kameror vars centra ligger på en linje.

I Artikel F löser vi problemet om hur man utför 3D-rekon- struktion så att incidensrelationer mellan punkter och linjer bevaras. I denna riktning introducerar vi förankrade multivyvarieteter. Baserat på dessa beskriver vi nya rekonstruktionsalgoritmer. På simulerade data jämför vi de olika tillvägagångssätten med individuell rekonstruktion av punkter och linjer. Vårt tillvägagångssätt ger jämförbar noggrannhet och betydande förbättring av hastighet. Denna hastighetsförbättring stöds teoretiskt av våra beräkningar av euklidiska avståndsgrader. Vi utnyttjar observationen att dessa förankrade multivyvarieteter är linjärt isomorfa med multivyvarieteter som uppstår från projektionen av punkter från plan och linjer.

 I Artikel G utforskar vi den ovanstående observationen från Artikel F i större detalj. Vi börjar med att bestämma alla möjliga förankrade multivyvarieteter som uppstår från projektioner av punkter och linjer i 1, 2 och 3-dimensionella projektiva rum. Vi säger att två sådana varieteter är ED-ekvivalenta om det finns en linjär isomorfi mellan dem som bevarar ED-kritiska punkter. Detta ger upphov till fjorton ekvivalensklasser; en multivyvarietetskatalog. I fallet med punkter presenterar vi också en studie av alla associerade resektionsvarieteter. Slutligen föreslår vi förmodanden om euklidiska avståndsgrader för alla varieteter som förekommer i vår omfattande lista.

I Artikel H presenterar vi en algebraisk studie av projektionen av plankurvor och vridna kubiska kurvor i rummet på flera bilder givet hålkameror. Zariski-slutna höljet av bilden av projektionen av andragradskurvor kallas en kägelsnittsmultivyvarietet. Vi utökar tidigare arbete för punkt- och linjemultivyvarieteter genom att arbeta med bakprojicerade koner. För två vyer ger vi de definierande idealen för kägelsnittsmultivyvarieteter. För godtyckligt antal vyer anger vi när den enklaste möjliga mängdteoretiska beskrivningen uppnås baserat på geometrin hos kamerornas centra. Slutligen ger vi en förmodan om den euklidiska avståndsgraden för kägelsnittsmultivyvarieteter givet två kameror.

I Artikel I introducerar vi en generalisering av multivyvarieteter som slutna höljet av bilder som erhålls genom att projicera delrum av en given dimension på flera vyer, från fotografiska och geometriska perspektiv. Vi undersöker när den associerade projektionsavbildningen är generellt injektiv, vilket är ett avgörande krav för framgångsrik triangulering. Vi ger en komplett karaktärisering av denna egenskap genom att bestämma två formler för dimensionerna hos dessa varieteter. På liknande sätt beskriver vi för vilka arrangemang av centra som kalibrering av kameraparametrar är möjlig. Vi bestämmer exakt när multivyvarieter är naturligt isomorfa med sin associerade uppblåsning, i fallet med generiska centra.

I slutet av denna avhandling bifogas fyra ytterligare artiklar och ett utökat abstrakt. Eftersom dessa inte ingår i temat om algebraiskt seende, beskriver vi dem inte här. De inkluderas i avhandlingen som en del av den kompletta samlingen av kandidatens arbeten.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2024. , p. 487
Series
TRITA-SCI-FOU ; 2024:35
Keywords [en]
3D reconstruction, algebraic vision, multiview varieties
Keywords [sv]
3D-rekonstruction, algebraiskt seende, multivyvarieteter
National Category
Mathematics Algebra and Logic Geometry
Research subject
Mathematics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-346681ISBN: 978-91-8040-959-9 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-346681DiVA, id: diva2:1859498
Public defence
2024-06-14, D3, Lindstedtsvägen 5, Stockholm, 14:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Wallenberg AI, Autonomous Systems and Software Program (WASP), 660210
Note

QC2024-05-23

Available from: 2024-05-23 Created: 2024-05-21 Last updated: 2024-06-10Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Compatibility of Fundamental Matrices for Complete Viewing Graphs
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Compatibility of Fundamental Matrices for Complete Viewing Graphs
2023 (English)In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2023, p. 3328-3336Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

AbstractThis paper studies the problem of recovering cameras from a set of fundamental matrices. A set of fundamental matrices is said to be compatible if a set of cameras exists for which they are the fundamental matrices. We focus on the complete graph, where fundamental matrices for each pair of cameras are given. Previous work has established necessary and sufficient conditions for compatibility as rank and eigenvalue conditions on the n-view fundamental matrix obtained by concatenating the individual fundamental matrices. In this work, we show that the eigenvalue condition is redundant in the generic and collinear cases. We provide explicit homogeneous polynomials that describe necessary and sufficient conditions for compatibility in terms of the fundamental matrices and their epipoles. In this direction, we find that quadruple-wise compatibility is enough to ensure global compatibility for any number of cameras. We demonstrate that for four cameras, compatibility is generically described by triple-wise conditions and one additional equation involving all fundamental matrices.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2023
Series
Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, ISSN 1550-5499
National Category
Geometry Algebra and Logic
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-345614 (URN)10.1109/ICCV51070.2023.00308 (DOI)001159644303051 ()2-s2.0-85182756986 (Scopus ID)
Conference
2023 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision, ICCV 2023, 2-6 October 2023, Paris
Note

QC 20240415

Part of ISBN 979-835030718-4

Available from: 2024-04-12 Created: 2024-04-12 Last updated: 2024-05-22Bibliographically approved
2. Geometric Interpretations of Compatibility for Fundamental Matrices
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Geometric Interpretations of Compatibility for Fundamental Matrices
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

In recent work, algebraic computational software was used to provide the exact algebraic conditions under which a sixtuple $\{F^{ij}\}$ of fundamental matrices, corresponding to $4$ images, will be compatible, i.e. there will exist cameras $\{P_i\}_{i=1}^4$ such that each pair $P_i,P_j$ has fundamental matrix $F^{ij}$; it has been further demonstrated that quadruplewise compatibility is sufficient for the problem of $n>4$ images. We expand on these prior results by proving equivalent geometric conditions for compatibility. We find that when the camera centers are in general position, compatibility can be characterized via the intersections of epipolar lines in each image. When the camera centers are coplanar, compatibility occurs when the prior condition holds and additionally any one camera center can be reconstructed via the other three.

National Category
Mathematics Geometry
Research subject
Mathematics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-346663 (URN)10.48550/arXiv.2402.00495 (DOI)
Funder
Wallenberg AI, Autonomous Systems and Software Program (WASP), 660210
Note

QC 20240522

Available from: 2024-05-21 Created: 2024-05-21 Last updated: 2024-05-22Bibliographically approved
3. Revisiting Sampson Approximations for Geometric Estimation Problems
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Revisiting Sampson Approximations for Geometric Estimation Problems
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Many problems in computer vision can be formulated as geometric estimation problems, i.e. given a collection of measurements (e.g. point correspondences) we wish to fit a model (e.g.~an essential matrix) that agrees with our observations.This necessitates some measure of how much an observation ``agrees" with a given model.A natural choice is to consider the smallest perturbation that makes the observation exactly satisfy the constraints.However, for many problems, this metric is expensive or otherwise intractable to compute. The so-called Sampson error approximates this geometric error through a linearization scheme. For epipolar geometry, the Sampson error is a popular choice and in practice known to yield very tight approximations of the corresponding geometric residual (the reprojection error).

In this paper we revisit the Sampson approximation and provide new theoretical insights as to why and when this approximation works, as well as provide explicit bounds on the tightness under some mild assumptions.Our theoretical results are validated in several experiments on real data and in the context of different geometric estimation tasks.

National Category
Geometry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-346667 (URN)10.48550/arXiv.2401.07114 (DOI)
Funder
Wallenberg AI, Autonomous Systems and Software Program (WASP), 660210
Note

QC 20240522

Available from: 2024-05-21 Created: 2024-05-21 Last updated: 2024-05-22Bibliographically approved
4. Line Multiview Varieties
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Line Multiview Varieties
2023 (English)In: SIAM Journal on Applied Algebra and Geometry, E-ISSN 2470-6566, Vol. 7, no 2, p. 470-504Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

We present an algebraic study of line correspondences for pinhole cameras, in contrast to the thoroughly studied point correspondences. We define the line multiview variety as the Zariski closure of the image of the map projecting lines in 3-space to tuples of image lines in 2-space. We prove that in the case of generic camera matrices the line multiview variety is a determinantal variety, and we provide a complete set-theoretic description for any camera arrangement. We investigate basic properties of this variety, such as dimension, smoothness, and multidegree. Finally, we give experimental results for the Euclidean distance degree and robustness under noise for the triangulation of lines.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics (SIAM), 2023
Keywords
3D reconstruction, algebraic vision, line correspondences, multiview varieties
National Category
Mathematics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-332973 (URN)10.1137/22M1482263 (DOI)2-s2.0-85150621909 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20230724

Available from: 2023-07-24 Created: 2023-07-24 Last updated: 2024-05-22Bibliographically approved
5. Line Multiview Ideals
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Line Multiview Ideals
Show others...
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

We study the following problem in computer vision from the perspective of algebraic geometry: Using m pinhole cameras we take m pictures of a line in P3. This produces m lines in P2 and the question is which m-tuples of lines can arise that way. We are interested in polynomial equations and therefore study the complex Zariski closure of all such tuples of lines. The resulting algebraic variety is a subvariety of (P2)m and is called line multiview variety. In this article, we study its ideal. We show that for generic cameras the ideal is generated by 3×3-minors of a specific matrix. We also compute Gröbner bases and discuss to what extent our results carry over to the non-generic case.

National Category
Mathematics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-339742 (URN)
Note

QC 20231120

Available from: 2023-11-16 Created: 2023-11-16 Last updated: 2024-05-22Bibliographically approved
6. Theoretical and Numerical Analysis of 3D Reconstruction Using Point and Line Incidences
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Theoretical and Numerical Analysis of 3D Reconstruction Using Point and Line Incidences
2023 (English)In: Proceedings - 2023 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision, ICCV 2023, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) , 2023, p. 3725-3734Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

We study the joint image of lines incident to points, meaning the set of image tuples obtained from fixed cameras observing a varying 3D point-line incidence. We prove a formula for the number of complex critical points of the triangulation problem that aims to compute a 3D point-line incidence from noisy images. Our formula works for an arbitrary number of images and measures the intrinsic difficulty of this triangulation. Additionally, we conduct numerical experiments using homotopy continuation methods, comparing different approaches of triangulation of such incidences. In our setup, exploiting the incidence relations gives a notably faster point reconstruction with comparable accuracy.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2023
National Category
Computer graphics and computer vision
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-344165 (URN)10.1109/ICCV51070.2023.00347 (DOI)001159644303090 ()2-s2.0-85185875182 (Scopus ID)
Conference
2023 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision, ICCV 2023, Paris, France, Oct 2 2023 - Oct 6 2023
Note

QC 20240307

Available from: 2024-03-06 Created: 2024-03-06 Last updated: 2025-02-07Bibliographically approved
7. Metric Multiview Geometry - a Catalogue in Low Dimensions
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Metric Multiview Geometry - a Catalogue in Low Dimensions
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

 We systematically compile an exhaustive catalogue of multiview varieties and anchored multiview varieties arising from projections of points and lines in 1, 2, and 3-dimensional projective space. We say that two such varieties are ED-equivalent if there is a linear isomorphism between that that preserve ED-critical points. This gives rise to fourteen equivalence classes, and we determine various properties—dimension, set-theoretic equations, and multidegrees—for all varieties featured in our catalogue. In the case of points, we also present a complementary study of resectioning varieties and their singular loci. Finally, we propose conjectures for the Euclidean distance degrees of all varieties appearing in our comprehensive compilation.

National Category
Geometry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-346668 (URN)10.48550/arXiv.2402.00648 (DOI)
Funder
Wallenberg AI, Autonomous Systems and Software Program (WASP), 660210
Note

QC 20240522

Available from: 2024-05-21 Created: 2024-05-21 Last updated: 2024-05-22Bibliographically approved
8. Projections of Curves and Conic Multiview Varieties
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Projections of Curves and Conic Multiview Varieties
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

We present an algebraic study of the projection of plane curves and twisted cubics in space onto multiple images of pinhole cameras. The Zariski closure of the image of the projection of conics is called a conic multiview variety. Extending previous work for point and line multiview varieties, we use back-projected cones to describe these varieties. For two views, we provide the defining ideal of conic multiview varieties. For any number of views, we state when the simplest possible set-theoretic description is achieved based on the geometry of the camera centers. Finally, we investigate the complexity of the associated triangulation problem and conjecture the Euclidean distance degree for the conic multiview variety for two cameras.

National Category
Mathematics Geometry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-346669 (URN)10.48550/arXiv.2404.03063 (DOI)
Funder
Wallenberg AI, Autonomous Systems and Software Program (WASP), 660210
Note

QC 20240522

Available from: 2024-05-21 Created: 2024-05-21 Last updated: 2024-05-22Bibliographically approved
9. Projections of Higher Dimensional Subspaces and Generalized Multiview Varieties
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Projections of Higher Dimensional Subspaces and Generalized Multiview Varieties
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

 We present a generalization of multiview varieties as closures of images obtained by projecting subspaces of a given dimension onto several views, from the photographic and geometric points of view. Motivated by applications in Computer Vision for triangulation of world features, we investigate when the associated projection map is generically injective; an essential requirement for successful triangulation. We give a complete characterization of this property by determining two formulae for the dimensions of these varieties. Similarly, we describe for which center arrangements calibration of camera parameters is possible. We explore when the multiview variety is naturally isomorphic to its associated blowup. In the case of generic centers, we give a precise formula for when this occurs.

National Category
Mathematics Geometry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-346674 (URN)10.48550/arXiv.2309.10262 (DOI)
Funder
Wallenberg AI, Autonomous Systems and Software Program (WASP), 660210
Note

QC 20240522

Available from: 2024-05-21 Created: 2024-05-21 Last updated: 2024-05-22Bibliographically approved
10. The isospectral problem for flat tori from three perspectives
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The isospectral problem for flat tori from three perspectives
2023 (English)In: Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, ISSN 0273-0979, E-ISSN 1088-9485, Vol. 60, no 1, p. 39-83Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Flat tori are among the only types of Riemannian manifolds forwhich the Laplace eigenvalues can be explicitly computed. In 1964, Milnorused a construction of Witt to find an example of isospectral nonisometricRiemannian manifolds, a striking and concise result that occupied one page inthe Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the USA. Milnor’s example is a pair of 16-dimensional flat tori, whose set of Laplace eigenvalues areidentical, in spite of the fact that these tori are not isometric. A natural question is, What is the lowest dimension in which such isospectral nonisometricpairs exist? This isospectral question for flat tori can be equivalently formulated in analytic, geometric, and number theoretic language. We explore thisquestion from all three perspectives and describe its resolution by Schiemannin the 1990s. Moreover, we share a number of open problems.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
American Mathematical Society (AMS), 2023
Keywords
Eigenvalues, spectrum, flat torus, inverse spectral problem, representation numbers, lattice, linear code, quadratic form, modular form
National Category
Mathematics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-328196 (URN)10.1090/bull/1770 (DOI)000869591300001 ()
Note

QC 20240312

Available from: 2023-06-05 Created: 2023-06-05 Last updated: 2024-05-22Bibliographically approved
11. Maximum Likelihood Estimation For Nets Of Conics
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Maximum Likelihood Estimation For Nets Of Conics
2021 (English)In: Le Matematiche, ISSN 2037-5298, E-ISSN 0373-3505, Vol. 76, no 2, p. 399-414Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

We study the problem of maximum likelihood estimation for 3-dimen-sional linear spaces of 3 x 3 symmetric matrices from the point of view of algebraic statistics where we view these nets of conics as linear concen-tration or linear covariance models of Gaussian distributions on R-3. In particular, we study the reciprocal surfaces of nets of conics which are rational surfaces in P5. We show that the reciprocal surfaces are projections from the Veronese surface and determine their intersection with the polar nets. This geometry explains the maximum likelihood degrees of these linear models. We compute the reciprocal maximum likelihood degrees. This work is based on Wall's classification of nets of conics from 1977.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
UNIV STUDI CATANIA, DIPT MATEMATICA, 2021
Keywords
Nets of quadrics, linear spaces of symmetric matrices, ML-degrees, Veronese surface
National Category
Probability Theory and Statistics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-305405 (URN)10.4418/2021.76.2.7 (DOI)000716999100006 ()2-s2.0-85125038981 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20221101

Available from: 2021-12-01 Created: 2021-12-01 Last updated: 2024-05-22Bibliographically approved
12. Adjoints and Canonical Forms of Polypols: arXiv:2108.11747
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Adjoints and Canonical Forms of Polypols: arXiv:2108.11747
Show others...
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
National Category
Geometry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-320528 (URN)
Note

QCR 20221025

Available from: 2022-10-24 Created: 2022-10-24 Last updated: 2024-05-22Bibliographically approved
13. Caustics by Refraction of Circles and Lines
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Caustics by Refraction of Circles and Lines
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

  This short note revisits a classical result that the complete caustic by refraction of a circle is the evolute of a Cartesian oval. We provide additional details to the statement and geometric proof of this fact, as presented in G. Salmon's 1879 book `Higher Plane Curves'. We observe that as the circle tends to a line, this Cartesian oval collapses into an ellipse. Finally, we discuss a computational method to find the complete caustics by refraction, independent of Salmon's proof.

National Category
Mathematics Geometry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-346670 (URN)10.48550/arXiv.2402.00475 (DOI)
Funder
Wallenberg AI, Autonomous Systems and Software Program (WASP), 660210
Note

QC 20240522

Available from: 2024-05-21 Created: 2024-05-21 Last updated: 2024-05-22Bibliographically approved
14. The Infinite  Euclidean Distance Discriminant
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The Infinite  Euclidean Distance Discriminant
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

 In this article, we study the infinite ED discriminant of a variety, which we define to be the set of data points that have an infinite number of critical points for the nearest point problem. We present many examples of varieties that have such a discriminant, and we show that this relates to instances of morphisms where we do not have the purity of the branch locus. We give sufficient conditions on the varieties to have a non-empty infinite discriminant. Finally, classify all such curves in arbitrary dimension and all surfaces in $\CC^3$ which have a one-dimensional infinite discriminant, via an explicit construction.

National Category
Mathematics Geometry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-346672 (URN)
Funder
Wallenberg AI, Autonomous Systems and Software Program (WASP), 660210
Note

QC 20240522

Available from: 2024-05-21 Created: 2024-05-21 Last updated: 2024-05-22Bibliographically approved

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Rydell, Felix

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