Reoxidation of Liquid Steel during Casting: Observation of Non-Metallic Inclusions on Carbon Steel Samples
2024 (English)Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE credits
Student thesis
Abstract [en]
Reoxidation is a phenomenon that occurs in steel products during the initial stage of the formation of liquid steel, mainly during casting. This leads to the formation of inclusions which is a common problem that affects the properties, such as strength and ductility of the steel, and thus decreases its quality.
To investigate these inclusions an electrolytic extraction and a scanning electron microscope(SEM) were performed on four carbon steel samples taken before and throughout continuous casting. To get a better understanding of the inclusions, the chemical composition, morphology, and sizes were analyzed, these were measured with the software ImageJ.
As a result, five types of inclusions were identified, these include reoxidation, deoxidation, desulphurization, and complex compositions. Each type was represented by specific compounds and elements, such as FeO for reoxidation inclusions and Al2O3 for deoxidation inclusions. Additionally, inclusion morphology and size were significant classification factors, with film inclusions presenting larger sizes compared to other types, while spherical inclusions were observed perfectly, spherical ones were often associated with pure FeO content.
Despite successful electrolytic extraction and SEM analysis, the number of inclusions obtained was lower than expected due to the presence of an additional layer of carbides. Future research may benefit from additional heating treatments to facilitate deeper analysis of inclusions.
Abstract [sv]
Reoxidation är ett fenomen som uppstår i stålprodukter under gjutning. Detta leder till bildning av inneslutningar vilket är ett vanligt problem som påverkar egenskaperna, såsom hållfasthet och formbarhet hos stålet, och därmed minskar dess kvalitet. För att undersöka dessa inneslutningar utfördes en elektrolytisk extraktion och en SEM på fyra kolstålprover tagna före och under stränggjutning.
För att få en bättre förståelse av inneslutningarna analyserades den kemiska sammansättningen, morfologin och storlekarna, dessa mättes med programvaran ImageJ.
Som ett resultat identifierades fem typer av inneslutningar, dessa inkluderar reoxidation, deoxidation, avsvavling och komplexa kompositioner. Varje typ representerades av specifika föreningar och element, såsom FeO för reoxidationsinneslutningar och Al2O3 för deoxidationsinneslutningar. Dessutom var inklusionsmorfologi och storlek signifikanta klassificeringsfaktorer, med filminneslutningar som presenterade större storlekar jämfört medandra typer, medan sfäriska inneslutningar, observerades perfekt sfäriska sådana var ofta associerade med rent FeO-innehåll.
Trots framgångsrik elektrolytisk extraktion och SEM-analys var antalet erhållna inneslutningar lägre än förväntat på grund av närvaron av ytterligare ett lager karbider. Framtida forskning kan dra nytta av ytterligare värmebehandlingar för att underlätta djupare analys av inneslutningar.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2024. , p. 35
Series
TRITA-ITM-EX ; 2024:164
Keywords [en]
Reoxidation, Non-metallic inclusions, continuous casting, Electrolytic Extraction, SEM
Keywords [sv]
Reoxidation, Icke metalliska inneslutningar, gjutning, EE, SE
National Category
Metallurgy and Metallic Materials
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-348682OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-348682DiVA, id: diva2:1878210
Subject / course
Materials and Process Design
Educational program
Bachelor of Science
Supervisors
Examiners
2024-06-272024-06-262024-06-27Bibliographically approved