This letter presents a measurement of the nuclear modification factor of large-radius jets in Formula Presented Formula Presented collisions by the ATLAS experiment. The measurement is performed using Formula Presented and Formula Presented of Formula Presented and Formula Presented data, respectively. The large-radius jets are reconstructed with the anti-Formula Presented algorithm using a radius parameter of Formula Presented, by reclustering anti-Formula Presented Formula Presented jets, and are measured over the transverse momentum (Formula Presented) kinematic range of Formula Presented and absolute pseudorapidity Formula Presented. The large-radius jet constituents are further reclustered using the Formula Presented algorithm in order to obtain the splitting parameters, Formula Presented and Formula Presented, which characterize the transverse momentum scale and angular separation for the hardest splitting in the jet, respectively. The nuclear modification factor, Formula Presented, obtained by comparing the Formula Presented jet yields to those in Formula Presented collisions, is measured as a function of jet transverse momentum (Formula Presented) and Formula Presented or Formula Presented. A significant difference in the quenching of large-radius jets having single subjet and those with more complex substructure is observed. Systematic comparison of jet suppression in terms of Formula Presented for different jet definitions is also provided. Presented results support the hypothesis that jets with hard internal splittings lose more energy through quenching and provide a new perspective for understanding the role of jet structure in jet suppression.