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Longitudinal Proteomic Analysis of HIV Progression and Treatment Response
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science.
2024 (English)Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesisAlternative title
Longitudinell proteomisk analys av HIV Progression och behandlingssvar (Swedish)
Abstract [sv]

Den här avhandlingen presenterar en omfattande longitudinell proteomik analys av HIV-progression och utfallet av olika antiretrovirala behandlingar (ART). Studien syftar till att belysa de molekylära mekanismerna bakom sjukdomsprogression och dessa terapeutiska utfall, identifiera biomarkörer för sjukdomsprogressionen och behandlingssvar för HIV, samt utforska de proteomiska profilerna hos elitkontrollanter. Kohorten inkluderar 97 HIV-1-infekterade individer, kategoriserade i fyra subgrupper. Proteomisk profilering utfördes med hjälp av Olink® Explore 1536 plattformen som använder sig av Proximity Extension Assay (PEA) tekniken, vilket kan mäta proteinnivåer hos 1463 unika proteiner. Studien belyser en signifikant uppreglering av kemokiner och inflammationsmarkörer i HIV-prover jämfört med friska kontroller vid baslinjen, särskilt CXCL13, LAG3 och CD6. ART ledde till en signifikant nedreglering av just dessa proteiner, vilket indikerar en minskad immunaktivering hos individerna. Emellertid observerades kvarstående immunaktivering i uppföljningsprover. Jämförande analys av ART-regimer (INSTI vs. NNRTI) och ryggradsdroger (Tenofovir vs. Abacavir) visade minimala skillnader i proteomiska profiler. Elitkontrollanter visade sig ha en distinkt proteinprofil skild från de andra HIV-subgrupperna som liknande de friska kontrollerna.. Korrelationsanalys identifierade några proteiner associerade med kliniska parametrar, såsom CD4/CD8-kvoten och CD4-celltal, vilket tyder på deras potential som CD4- och CD8-liknande biomarkörer. Studien belyser de dynamiska proteomiska förändringarna hos HIV-patienter, vilket erbjuder insikter i sjukdomsmekanismer och potentiella terapeutiska mål. Framtida forskning bör fokusera på att utöka kohorten, integrera multiomiska tillvägagångssätt och använda riktade proteomiska mätningar för att förbättra förståelsen av HIV-progression och behandlingssvar.

Abstract [en]

This thesis presents a comprehensive longitudinal proteomic analysis of HIV progression and treatment response. The study aims to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying disease progression and therapeutic outcomes, identify biomarkers of disease progression and therapeutic response, and explore the proteomic profiles of elite controllers. The cohort comprises 97 HIV-1 infected individuals, categorized into four subgroups. Proteomic profiling was performed using the Olink® Explore Proximity Extension Assay, targeting 1463 proteins. Key findings include significant upregulation of chemokines and inflammation markers in HIV samples compared to healthy controls at baseline, with notable proteins being CXCL13, LAG3, and CD6. ART led to significant downregulation of these proteins, indicating reduced immune activation. However, residual immune activation was observed in follow-up samples. Comparative analysis of ART regimens (INSTI vs. NNRTI) and backbone drugs (Tenofovir vs. Abacavir) revealed minimal differences in proteomic profiles. Elite controllers displayed unique proteomic profiles with less immune activation, resembling healthy controls. Correlation analysis identified a few proteins associated with clinical parameters, such as CD4/CD8 ratio and CD4 counts, suggesting their potential as biomarkers to predict immune reconstitution. The study highlights the dynamic proteomic changes in HIV patients, offering insights into disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Future research should focus on expanding the cohort, integrating multi-omics approaches, and utilizing targeted proteomic measurements to enhance the understanding of HIV progression and treatment response.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2024.
Series
TRITA-CBH-GRU ; 2024:272
Keywords [en]
Proteomics, HIV-1, Elite Controllers, Biomarker, Plasma
Keywords [sv]
Proteomik, HIV-1, elitkontroller, biomarkör, plasma
National Category
Medical Biotechnology (with a focus on Cell Biology (including Stem Cell Biology), Molecular Biology, Microbiology, Biochemistry or Biopharmacy)
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-351063OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-351063DiVA, id: diva2:1886088
Subject / course
Biotechnology
Educational program
Master of Science - Medical Biotechnology
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2024-07-30 Created: 2024-07-30

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