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The search query filter bubble: effect of user ideology on political leaning of search results through query selection
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Intelligent systems, Speech, Music and Hearing, TMH. Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Philosophy, Lund University Cognitive Science, Lund, Sweden; KTH Speech, Music & Hearing, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6739-0838
Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Department of Philosophy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Department of Philosophy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
2024 (English)In: Information, Communication and Society, ISSN 1369-118X, E-ISSN 1468-4462, Vol. 27, no 5, p. 878-894Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

It is commonly assumed that personalization technologies used by Google for the purpose of tailoring search results for individual users create filter bubbles, which reinforce users’ political views. Surprisingly, empirical evidence for a personalization-induced filter bubble has not been forthcoming. Here, we investigate whether filter bubbles may result instead from a searcher’s choice of search queries. In the first experiment, participants rated the left-right leaning of 48 queries (search strings), 6 for each of 8 topics (abortion, benefits, climate change, sex equality, immigration, nuclear family, Islam, and taxation). An independent sample of participants were then asked to select one of these queries for each of the 8 topics. With the exception of the topic of Islam, participants were significantly more likely to select a query corresponding to their own political leaning, compared to other queries, explaining between 12% and 39% of the variance. A second experiment investigated the effect of the political leaning of the same queries on the overall political leaning of Search Engine Result Pages (SERPs) in Google Search. The top six results of each SERP were rated collectively by a third group of participants, explaining 36.3% of the variance across all 48 search terms (p <.00001). That is, (1) participants in our experiments tended to select own-side search queries, and (2) using those queries tended to yield own-side search results when using the Google search engine. Our results are consistent with the notion of a self-imposed filter bubble in which query selection plays a salient role.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Informa UK Limited , 2024. Vol. 27, no 5, p. 878-894
Keywords [en]
Filter bubble, Google, ideology, online search, political leaning, search query
National Category
Computer and Information Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-350092DOI: 10.1080/1369118X.2023.2230242ISI: 001021400700001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85164525870OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-350092DiVA, id: diva2:1887346
Note

QC 20240807

Available from: 2024-08-07 Created: 2024-08-07 Last updated: 2024-08-07Bibliographically approved

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Ekström, Axel G.

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