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Optimal Operation of a Novel Small-Scale Power-to-Ammonia Cycle under Possible Disturbances and Fluctuations in Electricity Prices
Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Energy Syst & Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Otto Berndt Str 2, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany..
Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Macchine Sistemi Energet & Trasporti, Thermochem Power Grp, Via Montallegro 1, I-16145 Genoa, Italy..
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Heat and Power Technology.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7804-667X
Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Macchine Sistemi Energet & Trasporti, Thermochem Power Grp, Via Montallegro 1, I-16145 Genoa, Italy..
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2024 (English)In: Energies, E-ISSN 1996-1073, Vol. 17, no 16, article id 4171Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Power-to-Ammonia (P2A) is a promising technology that can provide a low-emission energy carrier for long-term storage. This study presents an optimization approach to a novel small-scale containerized P2A concept commissioned in 2024. A dynamic nonlinear optimization problem of the P2A concept is set up, employing the non-commercial MOSAIC (R) software V3.0.1 in combination with the NEOS (R) server. In total, seven optimization solvers, ANTIGONE (R), CONOPT (R), IPOPT (R), KNITRO (R), MINOS (R), PATHNLP (R), and SNOPT (R), are used. The first and main part of this work optimizes several disturbance scenarios of the concept and aims to determine the optimal reactor temperature profile to counter the disturbances. The optimization results suggest, for example, lowering the reactor temperature profile if the hydrogen and nitrogen inlet streams into the system decrease. The second part of this work presents a crude dynamic optimal scheduling model. This part aims to determine the amount of ammonia to be produced and sold given a randomized price of electricity for three consecutive points in time. The optimization results recommend decreasing production when the price of electricity is high and vice versa. However, the dynamic model must be improved to include fluctuations in the price of ammonia. Then, it can be used as a real-time optimization tool.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI , 2024. Vol. 17, no 16, article id 4171
Keywords [en]
small-scale Power-to-Ammonia, nonlinear constrained optimization, dynamic optimization
National Category
Energy Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-353407DOI: 10.3390/en17164171ISI: 001305478500001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85202439894OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-353407DiVA, id: diva2:1900348
Note

QC 20240923

Available from: 2024-09-23 Created: 2024-09-23 Last updated: 2024-09-23Bibliographically approved

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Guédez Mata, Rafael EduardoGarcía, José Angel

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