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Regularizing and Interpreting Vision Transformers by Patch Selection on Echocardiography Data
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Gene Technology. KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Intelligent systems, Robotics, Perception and Learning, RPL. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre. KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5211-6388
2024 (English)In: Proceedings of the 5th Conference on Health, Inference, and Learning, CHIL 2024, ML Research Press , 2024, p. 155-168Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

This work introduces a novel approach to model regularization and explanation in Vision Transformers (ViTs), particularly beneficial for small-scale but high-dimensional data regimes, such as in healthcare. We introduce stochastic embedded feature selection in the context of echocardiography video analysis, specifically focusing on the EchoNet-Dynamic dataset for the prediction of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF). Our proposed method, termed Gumbel Video Vision-Transformers (G-ViTs), augments Video Vision-Transformers (V-ViTs), a performant transformer architecture for videos with Concrete Autoencoders (CAEs), a common dataset-level feature selection technique, to enhance V-ViT’s generalization and interpretability. The key contribution lies in the incorporation of stochastic token selection individually for each video frame during training. Such token selection regularizes the training of V-ViT, improves its interpretability, and is achieved by differentiable sampling of categoricals using the Gumbel-Softmax distribution. Our experiments on EchoNet-Dynamic demonstrate a consistent and notable regularization effect. The G-ViT model outperforms both a random selection baseline and standard V-ViT. The G-ViT is also compared against recent works on EchoNet-Dynamic where it exhibits state-of-the-art performance among end-to-end learned methods. Finally, we explore model ex-plainability by visualizing selected patches, providing insights into how the G-ViT utilizes regions known to be crucial for LVEF prediction for humans. This proposed approach, therefore, extends beyond regularization, offering enhanced interpretability for ViTs.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
ML Research Press , 2024. p. 155-168
National Category
Computer graphics and computer vision Computer Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-353944Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85203788338OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-353944DiVA, id: diva2:1901020
Conference
5th Annual Conference on Health, Inference, and Learning, CHIL 2024, New York, United States of America, Jun 27 2024 - Jun 28 2024
Note

QC 20240926

Available from: 2024-09-25 Created: 2024-09-25 Last updated: 2025-02-01Bibliographically approved

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Nilsson, AlfredAzizpour, Hossein

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Gene TechnologyScience for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLabRobotics, Perception and Learning, RPLSeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre
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