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The role of battery electric vehicles in off-peak hour deliveries: Sustainability assessment of a case study in Stockholm
(e-Mobility Analytics, Scania S&M)
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Centres, Integrated Transport Research Lab, ITRL.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0575-5213
(Department of Environmental Systems Sciences, University of Graz)
2024 (English)In: Cleaner Logistics and Supply Chain, ISSN 2772-3909, Vol. 13, p. 100175-100175, article id 100175Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

City logistics faces critical challenges in optimising resource management, utilising time effectively, and reducing costs, particularly in the context of growing environmental concerns. Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) and Off-Peak Hour Deliveries (OPHD) have emerged as promising solutions. Despite considerable research efforts, more research is needed to evaluate the impacts of using BEVs during OPHD. To address this need, this paper describes how data from a case study in Stockholm were used to develop a comprehensive overview of the sustainability impacts of OPHD carried out with BEV. A multi-method approach was applied, including an indicator framework, Life Cycle Costing, and a Social Life Cycle Assessment to consider all sustainability dimensions holistically. Our findings reveal that, while BEVs are not yet cost-competitive with Internal Combustion Engine vehicles for daytime operations, OPHD can mitigate these costs by increasing the vehicle utilisation and distances travelled. Furthermore, OPHD with BEV can offer substantial benefits by increasing accessibility and reducing emissions. However, challenges such as increased employee-related transport costs and infrastructure needs must be addressed. The main contributions of this paper are practical, as we add knowledge about the impacts of OPHD using BEV, and methodological, as we used a multi-method approach to holistically assess sustainability impacts. Future research should focus on long-term impacts and refine assessment methods to support the sustainable development of urban logistics. This study highlights the importance of using holistic sustainability assessment to inform and enable stakeholders and decision-makers to leverage the full potential of OPHD when shifting to more sustainable transport.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2024. Vol. 13, p. 100175-100175, article id 100175
Keywords [en]
Battery Electric Vehicles, Off-Peak Hour Deliveries, Indicator-Based Sustainability Assessment, Life Cycle Costing, Social Life Cycle Assessment
National Category
Transport Systems and Logistics
Research subject
Transport Science, Transport Systems
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-355118DOI: 10.1016/j.clscn.2024.100175ISI: 001333196600001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85205933153OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-355118DiVA, id: diva2:1907587
Funder
Vinnova, 2020\u201300565
Note

QC 20241029

Available from: 2024-10-23 Created: 2024-10-23 Last updated: 2024-10-29Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Impacts of innovations and policies on sustainability within road freight transport: using a system thinking lens
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Impacts of innovations and policies on sustainability within road freight transport: using a system thinking lens
2024 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Road freight transport systems are complex socio-technical systems where freight services are provided through various technological solutions, with the involvement of several stakeholders. Despite the benefits of road freight transport to the economy and society, it also has substantial drawbacks for our current and future society, such as greenhouse gas emissions, congestion, air pollution, noise and poor working conditions. Therefore, several transport concepts and policies, such as electric vehicles and carbon taxes, are being explored and implemented within the private and public sectors to mitigate the externalities of road freight transport systems and achieve more sustainable systems.

Understanding sustainability transitions requires a holistic approach that includes multiple dimensions of sustainability and the perspectives of various stakeholders. Therefore, this thesis uses a System Thinking lens to achieve a system-level understanding of sustainability. Moreover, the dynamics and feedback structures of sustainability transitions are considered in order to identify leverage points and avoid policy resistance.

This thesis aims to understand the impacts of transport concepts and policies on the sustainability of road freight transport systems. A mixed-method approach, including surveys, interviews, and System Dynamics modelling is used to study the impacts of COVID-19 regulations, electric trucks, city hubs, cargo bikes, automation and off-peak hour deliveries. Moreover, policies impacting the adoption of electric trucks and city hubs are explored.

This thesis's results indicate that collaboration is required to achieve sustainability. However, collaboration is complex since stakeholders often have conflicting goals. Applying System Dynamics as a modelling method allows for understanding the right place and time to implement various policies. In this thesis, the simulation of different policy scenarios enables the consideration of the consequences of these policies from both short- and long-term perspectives. This knowledge benefits decision-makers in the private and public sectors in making decisions that shift road freight transport systems towards sustainability.

Abstract [sv]

Vägtransportsystem för gods är komplexa socio-tekniska system där godstransporter tillhandahålls genom olika teknologiska lösningar, med inblandning av flera intressenter. Trots de fördelar som vägtransporter för gods har för ekonomin och samhället, medför de också betydande nackdelar för vårt nuvarande och framtida samhälle, såsom utsläpp av växthusgaser, trängsel, luftföroreningar, buller och dåliga arbetsförhållanden. Därför utforskas och implementeras flera transportkoncept och policyer, som elfordon och koldioxidskatter, inom både den privata och offentliga sektorn för att minska de negativa effekterna av vägtransportsystem för gods och uppnå mer hållbara system.

För att förstå hållbara omställningar krävs ett holistiskt angreppssätt som inkluderar flera dimensioner av hållbarhet och flera perspektiv från olika intressenter. Denna avhandling använder därför ett Systemtänkande för att uppnå en förståelse av hållbarhet på systemnivå. Dessutom beaktas dynamiken och återkopplingsstrukturerna i hållbara omställningar för att identifiera hävstångspunkter och undvika policyresistens.

Syftet med denna avhandling är att förstå effekterna av transportkoncept och policyer på hållbarheten i vägtransportsystem för gods. En blandning av metoder som inkluderar enkäter, intervjuer och systemdynamisk modellering används för att studera effekterna av i) COVID-19-regleringar, ii) el-lastbilar, iii) stadshubbar, iv) lastcyklar, v) automatisering och vi) nattleveranser. Dessutom utforskas policyer som påverkar införandet av el-lastbilar och stadshubbar.

Resultaten från denna avhandling visar att samarbete krävs för att uppnå hållbarhet. Samarbete är dock komplext eftersom intressenter ofta har motstridiga mål. Därför behövs offentliga policyer. Genom att tillämpa systemdynamik som modelleringsmetod möjliggörs en förståelse för rätt plats och rätt tid att implementera olika policyer. Simulering av olika policyscenarier ger möjlighet att överväga dessa konsekvenser ur både kort- och långsiktiga perspektiv. Denna kunskap är till nytta för beslutsfattare inom privat och offentlig sektor när de ska fatta beslut för omställning till hållbara godstransportsystem.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2024. p. 112
Series
TRITA-ITM-AVL ; 2024:20
Keywords
road freight transport systems; sustainability transitions; System Thinking; System Dynamics; policy analysis., vägtransportsystem för gods; hållbara omställningar; systemtänkande; systemdynamik; policysanalys.
National Category
Transport Systems and Logistics
Research subject
Machine Design
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-355123 (URN)978-91-8106-100-0 (ISBN)
Public defence
2024-12-03, F3 / https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/66583637885, Lindstedtsvägen 26-28, Stockholm, 10:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Projects
HITS 2024
Funder
Vinnova, 2020-00565
Available from: 2024-11-04 Created: 2024-10-28 Last updated: 2024-11-27Bibliographically approved

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