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Stability Control for an Inverted Pendulum: Simulation and Control System Implementations
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Engineering Design, Mechatronics and Embedded Control Systems.
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Engineering Design, Mechatronics and Embedded Control Systems.
2024 (English)Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesisAlternative title
Stabilitetskontroll för en Inverterad Pendel : Simulering och Implementering av Reglersystem (Swedish)
Abstract [en]

This bachelor’s thesis explores the stabilization of an inherently unstable system, the inverted pendulum, using a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller implemented in a simulated environment and tested in hardware. The inverted pendulum poses a classic control problem due to its natural tendency to fall over, making it an ideal project for exploring different control systems. To solve the problem of stabilization of the pendulum a physical model of the system was constructed and the dynamics of the system were modeled in the Simulink environment. A PID regulator was chosen as the controller and different methods were used to find PID coefficients for achieving system stability. Various experiments were conducted to fine tune the gain values. The results demonstrate that while the system could be stabilized for a short period of time, maintaining long term stability proved challenging due to mechanical limitations and the non-ideal behaviors of the components, particularly the stepper motor used for actuation. These experiments provided insights into the discrepancies between simulated predictions and actual performance, highlighting the impact of factors choosing right input values for the simulation and mechanical limitations. Ultimately, this project reinforced the theoretical foundations of control systems and highlighted practical challenges that are present in such a project, also offering improvements for alternative actuation mechanisms and more robust and better suited control algorithms.

Abstract [sv]

Denna kandidatuppsats utforskar stabiliseringen av ett i grunden instabilt system, den inverterade pendeln, med hjälp av en PID-regulator implementerad i en simulerad miljö och testad i hårdvara. Den inverterad pendeln utgör ett klassiskt kontrollproblem på grund av dess naturliga tendens att falla omkull, vilket gör det till ett idealt projekt för att utforska olika reglersystem. För att lösa problemet med stabilisering av pendeln konstruerades en fysisk modell av systemet och systemets dynamik modellerades i Simulink. En PIDregulator valdes och olika metoder såsom Ziegler-Nichols användes för att hitta PID-koefficienter för att uppnå stabilitet. Olika experiment genomfördes för att finjustera koefficienterna. Resultaten visar att även om systemet kunde stabiliseras under en kort period, var det utmanande att upprätthålla långsiktig stabilitet på grund av mekaniska begränsningar och icke-ideala beteenden hos komponenterna, särskilt stegmotorn som användes för att driva vagnen. Systemet klarade också av att hantera externa störningar till en viss nivå. Dessa experiment gav insikter i avvikelserna mellan simulerade prediktioner och faktisk prestanda, och visade effekten av faktorer som att välja rätt indata för simuleringen och mekaniska begränsningar. Slutligen förstärkte detta projekt de teoretiska grunderna för reglersystem och visade praktiska utmaningar som finns i ett sådant projekt, samtidigt som det erbjöd förbättringar för alternativa hårdvaraintegration och mer robusta och bättre lämpade regleralgoritmer.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2024. , p. 30
Series
TRITA-ITM-EX ; 2024:63
Keywords [en]
Inverted pendulum, Proportional–integral–derivative controller, System stability, MATLAB Simulink, Control systems engineering, Arduino, Mechanical system design
Keywords [sv]
Inverterad pendel, Proportionell-integral-derivatregulator, Systemstabilitet, MATLAB Simulink, Reglersystemteknik, Arduino, Mekanisk systemdesign
National Category
Mechanical Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-355496OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-355496DiVA, id: diva2:1909592
Subject / course
Mechatronics
Educational program
Master of Science in Engineering - Mechanical Engineering
Presentation
2024-06-04, 00:00
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2024-10-31 Created: 2024-10-31 Last updated: 2024-10-31Bibliographically approved

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