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Physics-based calibration of photon-counting CT
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics.
2024 (English)Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesisAlternative title
Fysikbaserad kalibrering av fotonräknande datortomografi (Swedish)
Abstract [en]

Photon-Counting Computed Tomography (PCCT) represents a transformative advancement in medical imaging, offering unparalleled capabilities in spatial resolution, spectral differentiation, and dose efficiency. By leveraging photon-counting detectors, PCCT overcomes the limitations of conventional energy-integrating systems, enabling direct photon quantification and discrimination across energy bins. This thesis explores the underlying physics, technological developments, and clinical applications of PCCT, with a focus on addressing key challenges such as pile-up effects, energy bin optimization, and material decomposition accuracy.This work presents a successful implementation of a physics-based calibration method, enhanced by incorporating an exponential-polynomial term to account for variations in detector elements and a semi-nonparalyzable transformation of photon counts to combat pile-up effects. These improvements are achieved with a minimal number of free parameters, which are determined through a forward model trained on a limited set of 10 data points and evaluated on a larger dataset comprising 67 data points.

Future work should aim to assess the performance of these models in the image domain and extend the approach to include a third basis material, facilitating improved characterization of contrast agents for advanced imaging applications.

Abstract [sv]

Photon-Counting Computed Tomography (PCCT) representerar ett banbrytande framsteg inom medicinsk avbildning och erbjuder stora möjligheter inom rumslig upplösning, spektral differentiering och doseringseffektivitet. Genom att använda fotonräknande detektorer övervinner PCCT begränsningarna hos konventionella energiintegrerande system och möjliggör direkt kvantifiering av fotoner samt energibinspecifik diskriminering. Denna avhandling undersöker den grundläggande fysiken, teknologiska utvecklingen och kliniska tillämpningarna av PCCT, med fokus på att hantera centrala utmaningar som pile-up-effekter, optimering av energibin och noggrann materialdekomposition.

Detta arbete presenterar en framgångsrik implementering av en fysikbaserad kalibreringsmetod, förbättrad genom att införliva en exponentiell-polynomisk term för att hantera variationer i detektorelement samt en semi-icke-paralyserande transformation av beräkningar av foton antal för att motarbeta pile-up effekter. Dessa förbättringar uppnås med ett minimalt antal fria parametrar som bestäms genom en framåtmodell, tränad på en begränsad uppsättning av 10 datapunkter och utvärderad på en större dataset bestående av 67 datapunkter.

Framtida arbete bör fokusera på att utvärdera prestandan hos dessa modeller i bilddomänen och vidareutveckla metoden genom att inkludera ett tredje basmaterial, vilket möjliggör förbättrad karaktärisering av kontrastmedel för avancerade avbildningsapplikationer.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2024.
Series
TRITA-SCI-GRU ; 2024:413
Keywords [en]
Photon-counting CT, PCCT, PCD, Computed tomography, CT, Material decomposition, MD, forward model, calibration, pile-up, medical imaging
Keywords [sv]
Fotonräknande CT, PCCT, PCD, CT, Datortomografi, materialuppdelning, MD, framåt modell, kalibrering, pulsöverlagring, medicinsk bildvetenskap
National Category
Physical Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-358007OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-358007DiVA, id: diva2:1923748
Subject / course
Physics
Educational program
Master of Science - Engineering Physics
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2024-12-30 Created: 2024-12-30 Last updated: 2024-12-30Bibliographically approved

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